Empirismo y filosofía experimental: Las limitaciones del relato estándar de la filosofía moderna a la luz de la historiografía francesa del siglo XIX (J.-M. Degérando)

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Fecha
08/2016
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Universidad del Bosque
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Revista Colombiana de Filosofía de la Ciencia
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0124-4620
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Español
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Desde hace décadas, las categorías historiográficas racionalismo y empirismo son objeto de cuestionamientos debido a sus limitaciones para explicar el cuadro de posiciones y de relaciones conceptuales mantenidas por los filósofos habitualmente asociados con ellas. Este cuadro fue inicialmente concebido por historiadores alemanes kantianos y comenzó a ser dominante hacia fines del siglo XIX. Sin embargo, la historiografía francesa del mismo siglo desarrolló relatos que agrupaban a los filosófos modernos con otros crierios clasificativos. Joseph-Marie Degérando en la primera edición de su Histoire comparée des systémes de philosophie (1804) reconoce tres grandes escuelas en la filosofía moderna, lideradas por Bacon, Descartes y Leibniz, respectivamente. Degérando presenta la diferencia entre empirismo y racionalismo como una más entre muchas otras, y no como la fundamental. Además, distingue el empirismo de la filosofía experimental y considera a esta última –junto con la filosofía especulativa— como una conciliación de los sentidos con la razón. Este narrativa genera alineamientos filosóficos que difieren del relato estándar y recoge denominaciones y un criterio clasificativo que formaban parte del discurso filosófico moderno.
In the last few decades, the historiographical categories rationalism and empiricism have been criticized for their limitations to explain the complex positions and the links held by the philosophers tradiotnally attached to them. This narrative was firstly conceived by Kantian German historians and began to become standard at the turn of the twentieh century. Nonetheless, nineteenth-century French historiography developed other narratives by which early modern philosophers were classified according to alternative criteria. In the first edition of Histoire comparée des systémes de philosophie (1804), JosephMarie Degérando distinguishes three first-order early modern schools founded by Bacon, Descartes and Leibniz, respectively. Degérando introduces the empiricism and rationalism distinction as one among others, and not as the fundamental one. In addition, he separates empiricism from experimental philosophy. The last one, along with speculative philosophy, is said to conciliate senses and reason. As a result, this account offers philosophical groupings different from those constructed by the standard narrative. Furthermore, it draws on labels and classification criteria which were part of the early modern philosophical discourse.
In the last few decades, the historiographical categories rationalism and empiricism have been criticized for their limitations to explain the complex positions and the links held by the philosophers tradiotnally attached to them. This narrative was firstly conceived by Kantian German historians and began to become standard at the turn of the twentieh century. Nonetheless, nineteenth-century French historiography developed other narratives by which early modern philosophers were classified according to alternative criteria. In the first edition of Histoire comparée des systémes de philosophie (1804), JosephMarie Degérando distinguishes three first-order early modern schools founded by Bacon, Descartes and Leibniz, respectively. Degérando introduces the empiricism and rationalism distinction as one among others, and not as the fundamental one. In addition, he separates empiricism from experimental philosophy. The last one, along with speculative philosophy, is said to conciliate senses and reason. As a result, this account offers philosophical groupings different from those constructed by the standard narrative. Furthermore, it draws on labels and classification criteria which were part of the early modern philosophical discourse.
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