Biosynthesis and characterization of Lissachatina fulica snail mucus (LfSM)-mediated iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles: Antibacterial and anticancer efficiency

Abstract

The use of bio and green synthesis of nanoparticles emanates as the eco-friendly and exciting approach. Herein, the facile biosynthesis of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles using Lissachatina fulica snail mucus (LfSM) was carried out by the one-step synthesis approach. The synthesized LfSM-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were examined by using the UV vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, AFM, and nitrogen (N2) adsorption-desorption analyses. The obtained LfSM-Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibited a hematite-like crystallite structure with an average crystallite size of »30 nm. Further, the antibacterial activity of as biosynthesized LfSM-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were evaluated for the antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. The results showed the zones of inhibition (ZOI) at 40 mL for each bacterial strain among the several bacterial pathogens used: E. coli (13 mm), P. aeruginosa (12 mm), K. pneumoniae (12 mm), and B. subtilis (10 mm). The antibacterial activity of the substance was greatest against E. Coli and lowest against B. subtilis. Using the MTT assay, the substances of the anticancer activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells were also examined in the presence of the prepared LfSM-Fe2O3. The cytotoxic response of MCF-7 cells to LfSM-Fe2O3 was shown to be concentration-dependent, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 210 mg/mL. The bio efficacy demonstrated by the synthetic materials could lead to its potential use in the environmental and biomedical domains.