Estresores docentes en tiempos de pandemia: Un instrumento para su exploración
; Vargas Rubilar, Natalia ; Chemisquy, Sonia Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2020
Editorial
Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología
Revista
Revista Interamericana de Psicología
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0034-9690
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Español
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Resumen
Los profesionales de la educación representan uno de los colectivos ocupacionales con mayor riesgo de desarrollar estrés y desgaste profesional, situación que puede haberse amplificado a partir de los cambios laborales acontecidos en el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19. El objetivo de este trabajo, de corte instrumental, fue desarrollar y validar una escala para evaluar la percepción de estresores docentes en contexto de aislamiento social. Participaron de forma anónima y voluntaria 674 docentes argentinos (MEDAD = 39.08; DE = 9.10; 72.2 % mujeres, 22.8 % hombres) quienes completaron una versión inicial de la escala con 23 ítems. Mediante análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, se retuvieron 21 ítems que evalúan cinco factores estresantes: el entorno de trabajo y la sobrecarga laboral, el empleo de nuevas tecnologías, la incertidumbre por la duración y consecuencias de la pandemia, el aspecto organizacional de la institución educativa, y las relaciones con el entorno del alumno, el conflicto y la ambigüedad de rol. La consistencia interna de la escala completa resultó excelente (ω = .95). Afín con la teoría, y como evidencia de validez nomológica, se observó una correlación positiva entre la percepción de estresores y los síntomas psicofísicos de estrés (r = .54; p < .001).
Teachers represent one of the most endangered professional groups for the development of stress and burnout, risks that could have gotten enhanced due to work changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a measure to assess teachers’ perceptions of stressors in the context of social distancing. The sample was composed by 674 anonymous and volunteer argentine teachers (MAGE = 39.08; SD = 9.10; 72.2 % female, 22.8 % male) who completed an initial version of the scale, integrated by 23 items. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, 21 items were retained, representing five stress factors: work environment and work overload, the use of new technologies, the uncertainty regarding the duration and consequences of the pandemics, the organizational aspects of the educational institution, and the relationships with the student's environment, the conflict and role ambiguity. The internal consistency of the complete scale was excellent (ω = .95). In line with the theory, and as evidence of nomological validity, the correlation obtained with a scale of psychophysics symptoms of stress was positive (r = .53; p = .000).
Teachers represent one of the most endangered professional groups for the development of stress and burnout, risks that could have gotten enhanced due to work changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a measure to assess teachers’ perceptions of stressors in the context of social distancing. The sample was composed by 674 anonymous and volunteer argentine teachers (MAGE = 39.08; SD = 9.10; 72.2 % female, 22.8 % male) who completed an initial version of the scale, integrated by 23 items. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, 21 items were retained, representing five stress factors: work environment and work overload, the use of new technologies, the uncertainty regarding the duration and consequences of the pandemics, the organizational aspects of the educational institution, and the relationships with the student's environment, the conflict and role ambiguity. The internal consistency of the complete scale was excellent (ω = .95). In line with the theory, and as evidence of nomological validity, the correlation obtained with a scale of psychophysics symptoms of stress was positive (r = .53; p = .000).
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