Ferrocarril y especialización triguera del sureste cordobés a fines del siglo XIX: Un estudio de caso a través de la teoría del principal y el agente

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Fecha
12/2021
Editorial
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana Dr. Emilio Ravignani
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Boletín del Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana Dr. Emilio Ravignani
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0524-9767
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1850-2563
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Durante la primera globalización, la extensión de la red ferroviaria contribuyó a expandir la agricultura. En Argentina, se verifi có esta relación, pero el aumento de las superfi cies cultivadas experimentó un retardo signifi cativo respecto de la propagación de las vías. En este artículo se propone que esta circunstancia obedeció a que las compañías ferroviarias, los colonizadores y los agricultores tomaron sus decisiones de acuerdo con sus niveles de información. A partir de la teoría del principal y el agente, se estudian los departamentos de Unión y Marcos Juárez (provincia de Córdoba) entre 1885 y 1900. La evidencia reunida sugiere que los promotores de trenes decidieron los trazados según los criterios que el Gobierno nacional fi jó para otorgar la garantía sobre la inversión; los empresarios inmobiliarios localizaron sus colonias según la distancia al puerto y las tarifas ferroviarias y los agricultores ubicaron los cultivos de trigo por el costo del fl ete. La conclusión destaca que las compañías ferroviarias priorizaron el subsidio porque con éste cubrirían, en parte, el costo operativo y la amortización del capital. Sin embargo, la crisis de 1890 llevó a la suspensión del sistema de garantías. Por esta razón, el cuadro tarifario no se pudo ajustar a las necesidades de la expansión agrícola.
During the first globalization, the expansion of the railway network in Argentina contributed to agricultural development. However, the rate of expansion of cultivated lands was significantly lower than would have been expected given the growth of railway services. In this article, we propose that this phenomenon was due to the fact that railway companies, settlers and farmers took decisions separately, based on the information each group counted on. By applying the principal-agent theory, we studied the Union and Marcos Juarez districts (Cordoba) between 1885 and 1900. The evidence collected suggests that railway companies designed the tracks according to Government guidelines to ensure investment return; estate agents settled colonies according to their distance to the port and the railway tariffs; and farmers placed their wheat crops according to shipping costs. We can conclude that railway companies prioritised government subsidies given that these would cover, in part, operating costs and capital repayment. But the 1890 crisis led to the suspension of the warranty system. For this reason, tariffs could not be adjusted to suit the needs of the agricultural expansion.
During the first globalization, the expansion of the railway network in Argentina contributed to agricultural development. However, the rate of expansion of cultivated lands was significantly lower than would have been expected given the growth of railway services. In this article, we propose that this phenomenon was due to the fact that railway companies, settlers and farmers took decisions separately, based on the information each group counted on. By applying the principal-agent theory, we studied the Union and Marcos Juarez districts (Cordoba) between 1885 and 1900. The evidence collected suggests that railway companies designed the tracks according to Government guidelines to ensure investment return; estate agents settled colonies according to their distance to the port and the railway tariffs; and farmers placed their wheat crops according to shipping costs. We can conclude that railway companies prioritised government subsidies given that these would cover, in part, operating costs and capital repayment. But the 1890 crisis led to the suspension of the warranty system. For this reason, tariffs could not be adjusted to suit the needs of the agricultural expansion.
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