Uso industrial del agua en Mendoza, Argentina: coeficientes para la industria alimenticia
; Fasciolo, Graciela Elena Otros responsables
Fecha
2014-05-03
Editorial
Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua. Coordinación de Comunicación, Participación e Información
Revista
Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0187-8336
eISSN
2007-2422
ISBN
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Español
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Resumen
Aproximadamente el 50% de los establecimientos industriales de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina) se concentra en los rubros de alimentos y bebidas. En zonas áridas como ésta, el consumo y la eficiencia en el uso del agua requieren de especial atención en todos los sectores de la demanda: doméstico, riego, industrial y ambiental. Las industrias de Mendoza utilizan fundamentalmente agua subterránea, ya sea para refrigerar, como materia prima o para la limpieza en distintas partes del proceso productivo; en este último caso, con retorno al sistema hídrico. El conocimiento del volumen de agua que utilizan estas industrias es importante para diversas aplicaciones, tales como el cálculo del agua virtual de los productos, como también para la realización de balances hídricos que incorporan los usos sectoriales a nivel de cuenca. Para conocer el consumo de agua por parte de la industria alimenticia de Mendoza, el presente trabajo propone utilizar coeficientes que relacionen volumen de agua con materia prima procesada o producto elaborado. Éstos se pueden aplicar para efectuar las estimaciones a nivel de cuenca, del volumen de agua utilizada por tales industrias. Los coeficientes primarios se obtuvieron a partir de entrevistas presenciales en industrias con diferentes escalas de producción, tales como: bodegas, cerveceras, elaboradoras de bebidas no alcohólicas y conserveras de frutas y hortalizas. Asimismo, para cada rama de actividad se explica la utilización de agua en el proceso. Los valores de coeficientes obtenidos a partir de las entrevistas se compararon con aquellos provenientes de bibliografía local e internacional.
Approximately 50% of industrial establishments in the province of Mendoza (Argentina) are concentrated in the food and beverage industries. In these arid areas, consumption and efficiency in water use require special attention in all demand sectors: domestic, irrigation, industrial and environmental. Industries in Mendoza primarily use groundwater, either for cooling, as a raw material or for cleaning in various parts of the production process, returning back to the water system in the latter case. Knowing the volume of water used by these industries is important for various applications, such as the calculation of the virtual water products, as well as for conducting water balances incorporating sectorial uses at the basin level. To calculate water consumption by the food industry of Mendoza, this paper proposes using coefficients that relate the volume of water to the raw material processed or finished product. These can be applied to make estimates at the basin level of the volume of water used by such industries. Primary coefficients were obtained from interviews with participants in industries with different scales of production, such as wineries, breweries, soft drink producers and fruit and vegetable canneries. Also, this article explains the use of water in the process for each industry. The values obtained from the interviews were compared with those from local and international literature.
Approximately 50% of industrial establishments in the province of Mendoza (Argentina) are concentrated in the food and beverage industries. In these arid areas, consumption and efficiency in water use require special attention in all demand sectors: domestic, irrigation, industrial and environmental. Industries in Mendoza primarily use groundwater, either for cooling, as a raw material or for cleaning in various parts of the production process, returning back to the water system in the latter case. Knowing the volume of water used by these industries is important for various applications, such as the calculation of the virtual water products, as well as for conducting water balances incorporating sectorial uses at the basin level. To calculate water consumption by the food industry of Mendoza, this paper proposes using coefficients that relate the volume of water to the raw material processed or finished product. These can be applied to make estimates at the basin level of the volume of water used by such industries. Primary coefficients were obtained from interviews with participants in industries with different scales of production, such as wineries, breweries, soft drink producers and fruit and vegetable canneries. Also, this article explains the use of water in the process for each industry. The values obtained from the interviews were compared with those from local and international literature.
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