Evaluación de herbicidas alternativos al uso de paraquat como desecantes en el cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.)
; Prieto, G. ; Oreggioni, G. ; García, Andrea Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2025
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Asociación Argentina de Ciencia de las Malezas
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Malezas
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2683-9180
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La arveja presenta maduración desuniforme, por lo que se aplican herbicidas desecantes antes de la cosecha. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el porcentaje de secado (%S) y los niveles de residuos en grano de distintos herbicidas propuestos como alternativas al paraquat. El ensayo se realizó bajo un diseño en bloques completos aleatorizados con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: diquat, paraquat, glifosato, glufosinato de amonio, carfentrazone, saflufenacil, fomesafen y un testigo sin aplicación. A los 5 días después de la aplicación (DDA) se determinó el %S y a los 10 DDA se cosecharon las parcelas para medir humedad (%H) y analizar residuos mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem (HPLC-MSMS), comparando los valores con los límites máximos de residuos (LMR) establecidos por la Unión Europea. El paraquat presentó el mayor %S (92 %), diferenciándose significativamente del resto. El carfentrazone mostró el %H más alto (13,77 %), similar al testigo, diquat y glufosinato. Los menores valores de %H correspondieron a paraquat (10,83 %) y glifosato (10,6 %). Los tratamientos con residuos por debajo del LMR fueron diquat (0,063 mg kg- ¹), glifosato (2,59 mg kg- ¹) y saflufenacil (0,0086 mg kg- ¹). En cambio, paraquat, glufosinato y fomesafen superaron los LMR, mientras que el carfentrazone no fue detectado. En conclusión, los resultados preliminares indican que el diquat podría constituir una alternativa viable al uso de paraquat como desecante en arveja, aunque se recomienda repetir el ensayo para confirmar estos resultados.
Pea crops exhibit uneven ripening; therefore, desiccant herbicides are applied before harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying percentage (%D) and grain residue levels of different herbicides proposed as alternatives to paraquat. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included: diquat, paraquat, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate, carfentrazone, saflufenacil, fomesafen, and an untreated control. Five days after application (DAA), %D was determined, and at 10 DAA, plots were harvested to measure moisture content (%M) and analyze residues using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results were compared with the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union. Paraquat showed the highest %D (92 %), significantly different from the other treatments. Carfentrazone exhibited the highest %M (13.77 %), similar to the control, diquat, and glufosinate. The lowest %M values were recorded for paraquat (10.83 %) and glyphosate (10.6 %). Treatments with residue levels below the MRL were diquat (0.063 mg kg- ¹), glyphosate (2.59 mg kg- ¹), and saflufenacil (0.0086 mg kg- ¹). In contrast, paraquat, glufosinate, and fomesafen exceeded the MRLs, while carfentrazone was not detected. In conclusion, preliminary results indicate that diquat could represent a viable alternative to paraquat as a desiccant in pea crops, although repeating the experiment is recommended to confirm these findings.
Pea crops exhibit uneven ripening; therefore, desiccant herbicides are applied before harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying percentage (%D) and grain residue levels of different herbicides proposed as alternatives to paraquat. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included: diquat, paraquat, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate, carfentrazone, saflufenacil, fomesafen, and an untreated control. Five days after application (DAA), %D was determined, and at 10 DAA, plots were harvested to measure moisture content (%M) and analyze residues using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results were compared with the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union. Paraquat showed the highest %D (92 %), significantly different from the other treatments. Carfentrazone exhibited the highest %M (13.77 %), similar to the control, diquat, and glufosinate. The lowest %M values were recorded for paraquat (10.83 %) and glyphosate (10.6 %). Treatments with residue levels below the MRL were diquat (0.063 mg kg- ¹), glyphosate (2.59 mg kg- ¹), and saflufenacil (0.0086 mg kg- ¹). In contrast, paraquat, glufosinate, and fomesafen exceeded the MRLs, while carfentrazone was not detected. In conclusion, preliminary results indicate that diquat could represent a viable alternative to paraquat as a desiccant in pea crops, although repeating the experiment is recommended to confirm these findings.
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