Escritura académica, argumentación y prácticas de enseñanza en el primer año universitario

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2017-07-01
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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0122-6339
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Este artículo muestra cómo docentes de la carrera de Profesorado y Licenciatura en Letras de una universidad pública argentina lograron entramar prácticas de escritura académica con prácticas de enseñanza, a fin de actualizar en sus aulas los potenciales epis- témicos de la escritura. Enmarcados en un estudio de casos múltiples, configurado como una investigación didáctica naturalista, los resultados expuestos aquí provienen de dos fuentes de datos: entrevistas a alumnos y recolección de materiales de trabajo (con- signas de escritura y producciones de alumnos). El análisis de tales datos estuvo guiado por la codificación y la contextualización, buscando las relaciones de similitud y contigüidad entre ellos. Desde el punto de vista teórico, teniendo como antecedentes los estudios sobre escribir a través del currículum (WAC), esta investigación retoma la noción de transposición didáctica propuesta por Chevallard para caracterizar de qué formas se entraman prácticas de enseñanza con escritura, en particular, cuando los docentes trabajan en sus clases una práctica de escritura disciplinar. Así, hallamos que, para transponer en el aula prácticas de escritura que resultasen potencialmente epistémicas y no propedéuticas, los docentes precisaron trabajar con una escritura argumentativa y vigilar cuidadosamente que las circunstancias de producción de tales prácticas fuesen similares a las que se desarrollan en el ámbito de las comunidades disciplinares a las que aspiran a pertenecer sus alumnos.
This article shows how teachers of the career of Linguistics and Literature, form an Argentine public university, intertwine teaching and writing practices to work in their classrooms with the epistemic potential of writing. From a multiple case study configured as a naturalist didactic research, this inquiry works with two kinds of data: interviews with students and collection of documents (writing assignments and texts produced by students). The strategies of coding and contextualization guided to data analysis, paying attention to the relations of similarity and contiguity between them. From the theoretical point of view, having the studies on writing across the curriculum (WAC) as background, this research returns to the notion of didactic transposition proposed by Chevallard. This notion allows us to explore how the teachers intertwine teaching and writing practices by working in their classes with a disciplinary writing practice. Thus, we found that to bring into the classroom a writing practice that would potentially become epistemic and not preparatory (i.e., as a simple exercise for the future), teachers needed to work with argumentative writing and to carefully check the production circumstances of such practices. These circumstances are similar to the ones developed within the disciplinary communities to which the students were aspiring to belong.
This article shows how teachers of the career of Linguistics and Literature, form an Argentine public university, intertwine teaching and writing practices to work in their classrooms with the epistemic potential of writing. From a multiple case study configured as a naturalist didactic research, this inquiry works with two kinds of data: interviews with students and collection of documents (writing assignments and texts produced by students). The strategies of coding and contextualization guided to data analysis, paying attention to the relations of similarity and contiguity between them. From the theoretical point of view, having the studies on writing across the curriculum (WAC) as background, this research returns to the notion of didactic transposition proposed by Chevallard. This notion allows us to explore how the teachers intertwine teaching and writing practices by working in their classes with a disciplinary writing practice. Thus, we found that to bring into the classroom a writing practice that would potentially become epistemic and not preparatory (i.e., as a simple exercise for the future), teachers needed to work with argumentative writing and to carefully check the production circumstances of such practices. These circumstances are similar to the ones developed within the disciplinary communities to which the students were aspiring to belong.
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