La construcción imaginaria del otro migrante

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Fecha
12/2012
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
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Cuadernos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
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0327-1471
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Se parte de la caracterización del fenómeno migratorio contemporáneo como “el fenómeno político mayor de nuestro tiempo” (Balibar, 2005). Introduciendo en esta frase un matiz de raíz foucaultiana, puede considerárselo un fenómeno de carácter “biopolítico”, pues en él se hacen patentes las políticas de población, salud, educación y trabajo de los estados nacionales contemporáneos, total o parcialmente sometidos a las diversas dinámicas de la globalización. En este marco, las migraciones a la Argentina de los últimos cuarenta años, principalmente las que proceden de los países limítrofes y de otros países latinoamericanos, presentan rasgos que las diferencian notablemente de las anteriores, tanto por su origen étnico y características culturales como por su radicación preferencial en los conglomerados urbanos que le otorga mayor visibilización. En esta contribución se exponen algunas cuestiones de índole filosófica que tal fenómeno plantea. Desde la perspectiva filosófica intercultural se defiende el carácter dinámico, histórico y negociado de las culturas. Tal locus enuntiationis permite dimensionar acabadamente las atribuciones de identidad que se manifiestan en la construcción urbana de la otredad del migrante limítrofe y, por extensión, latinoamericano. El objetivo perseguido será mostrar la incidencia de tales atribuciones imaginarias por parte de la sociedad, denominada técnicamente “de acogida”, en la vulnerabilidad subjetiva (construcción de subjetividad y empoderamiento) y objetiva (ejercicio participativo de la ciudadanía) de las y los migrantes. A efectos prácticos, se señala la brecha existente entre la legislación migratoria que consagra el derecho humano a migrar y las prácticas habituales que proceden de imaginarios racistas y xenófobos.
Starting from the Balibar’s assumption that the migrant phenomenon is “the main politic phenomenon of our times” (Balibar, 2005), I introduce a Foucaultian nuance in this sentence, since I consider this phenomenon as a biopolitic one. In fact, the migrant phenomenon makes clear the population, health, education and work policies of the contemporary Nation-States, even if these States are submitted to globalization in all or in a partial form. In this frame, migrations to Argentina during the last forty years, especially there from bordering countries and from the other Latin American countries, show distinctive features in relation to the previous ones, as because ethnic precedence and cultural features, as because theirs locations in the urban conglomerate that gives them most visibility. In this contribution I set out many philosophical questions about the migrant phenomenon. From the intercultural philosophical perspective I maintain that cultures are not fixed entities, but they have a dynamic, historical and negotiated nature. Such locus enuntiationis allows me to know the imagined attributed identities that the technical called “welcome society” expresses in the urban building of the bordering migrant’s otherness. I pursue as objective to show the effect of such imagined attributions into the subjectivity vulnerability (building of subjectivity and empowerment) and objectivity one (citizenship’s participative exercise) of migrants. For practical purposes, I point to the breach between the migrant legislation, that establishes the migration human right and the current practices that come from racist und xenophobic imaginaries.
Starting from the Balibar’s assumption that the migrant phenomenon is “the main politic phenomenon of our times” (Balibar, 2005), I introduce a Foucaultian nuance in this sentence, since I consider this phenomenon as a biopolitic one. In fact, the migrant phenomenon makes clear the population, health, education and work policies of the contemporary Nation-States, even if these States are submitted to globalization in all or in a partial form. In this frame, migrations to Argentina during the last forty years, especially there from bordering countries and from the other Latin American countries, show distinctive features in relation to the previous ones, as because ethnic precedence and cultural features, as because theirs locations in the urban conglomerate that gives them most visibility. In this contribution I set out many philosophical questions about the migrant phenomenon. From the intercultural philosophical perspective I maintain that cultures are not fixed entities, but they have a dynamic, historical and negotiated nature. Such locus enuntiationis allows me to know the imagined attributed identities that the technical called “welcome society” expresses in the urban building of the bordering migrant’s otherness. I pursue as objective to show the effect of such imagined attributions into the subjectivity vulnerability (building of subjectivity and empowerment) and objectivity one (citizenship’s participative exercise) of migrants. For practical purposes, I point to the breach between the migrant legislation, that establishes the migration human right and the current practices that come from racist und xenophobic imaginaries.
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