Pobreza y situación de calle: un nuevo estudio en la ciudad de Buenos Aires
; Madelaire, Lucía ; Del Castillo, Nadia Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2023
Editorial
Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social
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Desarrollo Económico
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1853-8185
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Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos: 1) conocer cuáles fueron las condiciones socioeconómicas,laborales, familiares, ambientales y de salud de las personas en situación de calle en laCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en 2021, 2) evaluar la eficacia y funcionamiento de lasintervenciones de política pública que se ofrecen a dichas personas y proponer alternativasque contemplen soluciones a los problemas relevados, especialmente en el ámbito de la salud.Mediante una encuesta diseñada para una muestra estratificada aleatoria de 400 personassegún barrio, género y edad, y teniendo en cuenta las dificultades del muestreo dada lanaturaleza ambulante de los individuos relevados, se encontró que 75% de las personas eranhombres, mayormente entre 26 y 55 años, la mitad sin contacto con familiares, sin ayuda deorganismos estatales, obteniendo un ingreso magro por actividades informales y sin conocersu estado de salud orgánica. Más aún, prácticamente más de dos tercios manifestó tenerdepresión, angustia y otros trastornos psicológicos. Asimismo, aquellos que atravesaronpor primera vez la situación de calle alcanzaron el 44% de los encuestados, y quienesrespondieron estar en dicha situación hace más de 5 años, se elevó al 39,6%. En efecto, 84% delas personas relevadas adujeron no querer concurrir a los centros o “paradores” habilitadospor el Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires debido a la violencia y robos queperciben. La principal recomendación de política que emerge de este estudio es la es lanecesidad de crear un nuevo dispositivo con un enfoque multidimensional para tratar enprimer lugar los problemas de salud mental y orgánica de las personas en situación de calle,y reconvertir los actuales centros de alojamiento de la Ciudad en lugares que promuevansu ulterior reinserción laboral y familiar.
This study has two objectives: 1) to learn about the socioeconomic, labor, family, environmental and health conditions of homeless people in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in 2021, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness and functioning of public policy interventions offered to these people and to propose alternatives that contemplate solutions to the surveyed problems, especially in the field of health. By means of a survey designed for a stratified random sample of 400 people according to neighborhood, gender and age, and taking into account the difficulties of sampling given the itinerant nature of the individuals surveyed, it was found that 75% of the people were men, mostly between 26 and 55 years of age, half of them without contact with family members, without help from state agencies, earning a meager income from informal activities and without knowing their organic health status. Moreover, practically more than two thirds reported depression, anguish and other psychological disorders. Likewise, 44% of those surveyed were homeless for the first time, and 39.6% of those who reported having been homeless for more than 5 years. In fact, 84% of the people surveyed said they did not want to go to the centers or “paradores” set up by the Government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires due to the violence and robbery they perceive. The main policy recommendation that emerges from this study is the need to create a new device with a multidimensional approach to treat first of all the mental and organic health problems of homeless people, and to reconvert the current housing centers of the City into places that promote their subsequent labor and family reintegration.
This study has two objectives: 1) to learn about the socioeconomic, labor, family, environmental and health conditions of homeless people in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in 2021, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness and functioning of public policy interventions offered to these people and to propose alternatives that contemplate solutions to the surveyed problems, especially in the field of health. By means of a survey designed for a stratified random sample of 400 people according to neighborhood, gender and age, and taking into account the difficulties of sampling given the itinerant nature of the individuals surveyed, it was found that 75% of the people were men, mostly between 26 and 55 years of age, half of them without contact with family members, without help from state agencies, earning a meager income from informal activities and without knowing their organic health status. Moreover, practically more than two thirds reported depression, anguish and other psychological disorders. Likewise, 44% of those surveyed were homeless for the first time, and 39.6% of those who reported having been homeless for more than 5 years. In fact, 84% of the people surveyed said they did not want to go to the centers or “paradores” set up by the Government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires due to the violence and robbery they perceive. The main policy recommendation that emerges from this study is the need to create a new device with a multidimensional approach to treat first of all the mental and organic health problems of homeless people, and to reconvert the current housing centers of the City into places that promote their subsequent labor and family reintegration.
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