Una aproximación a los recursos retóricos en la sátira política: Los títulos del suplemento argentino Sátira/12

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Fecha
09/2012
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Facultad de Humanidades
Revista
Aportes Científicos desde Humanidades
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1851-4464
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Español
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Resumen
La sátira política es un género discursivo que conjuga una postura crítica y contestataria con una mirada cómica de los hechos de actualidad, tomando como blanco de ataque a la clase política y particularmente a los gobernantes. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar qué recursos retóricos son puestos en juego para desacralizar la figura presidencial, centrándonos en los títulos del suplemento argentino Sátira/12, del matutino Página/12, cuando refieren al presidente Carlos Menem (1989-1999). Los títulos constituyen un objeto de estudio de gran interés puesto que se caracterizan por ser breves, sintéticos y atractivos, presentando una gran riqueza discursiva. Desde una perspectiva retórico-estilística, analizamos todos los títulos que hacen referencia al presidente Menem durante dos períodos históricos (inicio de su primer y segundo mandato). Adaptamos la clasificación tradicional de figuras retóricas, dividida en figuras de palabras, de sentido, de construcción y de pensamiento. Resultados del estudio indican una gran densidad de figuras. Las figuras de pensamiento son elementos clave del discurso satírico de Sátira/12 al concentrar 60% de los casos. Las mismas remiten a elementos extratextuales del enunciado y como tales, suponen un gran desafío para el lector, quien debe actualizar conocimientos no necesariamente relacionados con la noticia tratada.
Political satire is a discursive genre that combines a critical and non-conformist stand with a funny view of current events, taking aim at politicians and particularly at the rulers. In this paper we analyze which rhetorical devices are used to demystify the presidential institution, focusing on the titles of the weekly supplement Sátira/12, of the Argentinean newspaper Página/12, when they refer to President Carlos Menem (1989-1999). Titles are an object of study of great interest because they are brief, synthetic, attractive, and have a high discursive richness.Adopting a rhetorical-stylistic perspective, we analyze all the titles referring to President Menem during two historical periods (the beginnings of his first and second terms). We adapt the traditional classification of rhetorical figures, which is divided into figures of word, figures of meaning, figures of construction and figures of thought. The results of this study indicate a high density of figures. Figures of thought are key elements of the satirical discourse of Sátira/12, representing 60% of cases. They refer to extra-textual elements and as such, represent a major challenge to the reader, who must update different kinds of knowledge, not necessarily related to the news treated.
Political satire is a discursive genre that combines a critical and non-conformist stand with a funny view of current events, taking aim at politicians and particularly at the rulers. In this paper we analyze which rhetorical devices are used to demystify the presidential institution, focusing on the titles of the weekly supplement Sátira/12, of the Argentinean newspaper Página/12, when they refer to President Carlos Menem (1989-1999). Titles are an object of study of great interest because they are brief, synthetic, attractive, and have a high discursive richness.Adopting a rhetorical-stylistic perspective, we analyze all the titles referring to President Menem during two historical periods (the beginnings of his first and second terms). We adapt the traditional classification of rhetorical figures, which is divided into figures of word, figures of meaning, figures of construction and figures of thought. The results of this study indicate a high density of figures. Figures of thought are key elements of the satirical discourse of Sátira/12, representing 60% of cases. They refer to extra-textual elements and as such, represent a major challenge to the reader, who must update different kinds of knowledge, not necessarily related to the news treated.
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