Emerging phylogeographic patterns of plants and terrestrial vertebrates from Patagonia

Abstract

Phylogeographical inferences, applied in a comparative framework across multiple species at a regional scale, provide the means for detecting regional and landscape-level patterns of biodiversity, which are important for understanding macroecology and evolution in a geographical mosaic against a backdrop broadly impacted by geological events. Although information on Patagonian phylogeographical patterns has accumulated for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms in recent years, no attempt has been made to compare patterns across major organismal groups. In this review, we compiled studies on the phylogeography of co-distributed plants and terrestrial vertebrates from Patagonia. From each study, we extracted information on levels of genetic diversity, and inferred demographic processes and phylogeographical breaks, as well as on putative refugia, to produce the first summary of emerging phylogeographical patterns for this region. This review reveals some congruent phylogeographical patterns within and among plants and terrestrial vertebrates, and suggests that PreQuaternary as well as Quaternary geological events would have been important driving forces in the evolutionary history of Patagonian lineages. Different processes and directional range shifts suggest a mosaic of phylogeographical patterns, far more complex than the several north?south common patterns traditionally proposed.Las inferencias filogeográficas, dentro de un marco comparativo cuando incluyen varias especies a escala regional, permiten detectar patrones de biodiversidad regional y de paisaje (fisonómicos), importantes para entender tanto la macroecología como el impacto a gran escala de los eventos geológicos. En los últimos años, el conocimiento filogeográfico de Patagonia se ha acumulado para organismos acuáticos y terrestres, y aunque se han propuesto pocos patrones demográficos o espaciales cualitativamente concordantes, no se ha hecho ningún intento de revisar comparativamente algunos de esos patrones considerando grandes grupos de organismos. En esta revisión compilamos el conocimiento publicado sobre la filogeografía de plantas vasculares y vertebrados terrestres de Patagonia con el propósito de comparar niveles de diversidad genética, procesos demográficos, quiebres filogeográ- ficos y localización de posibles refugios, para producir el primer resumen de patrones filogeográficos emergentes