Parásitos humanos en aguas superficiales de uso recreativo en Salta, Argentina
; Poma, Hugo Ramiro
; Rajal, Verónica Beatriz
; Juarez, Maria Mercedes
; Irazusta, Verónica Patricia 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2023
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Microbiología
Revista
Revista Argentina de Microbiología
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Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0325-7541
eISSN
1851-7617
ISBN
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Español
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Resumen
Las enfermedades transmitidas por el agua pueden tener diferente origen; las bacterias y los parásitos son los agentes causales más importantes. En este trabajo se monitorearon muestras de agua en tres puntos próximos a una zona recreativa en la provincia de Salta (Argentina): dos en un arroyo que rodea a un complejo termal, aguas arriba y aguas abajo de donde descargan las aguas de dicho complejo; el tercero, en la zona de salida del agua proveniente del complejo. Las muestras se tomaron en cuatro meses del año. Se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica, bacteriológica y búsqueda de parásitos y amebas de vida libre (AVL) del agua en cada punto. Las muestras de agua a la salida del complejo termal presentaron características fisicoquímicas diferentes a las del arroyo. En todos los puntos se detectaron indicadores bacterianos de contaminación, pero el agua del arroyo tuvo una concentración significativamente mayor de Pseudomonas sp. En las muestras del arroyo se encontraron, esporádicamente, huevos de Ascaris spp., quistes de Giardia sp. y huevos de ancilostomideos. En todas las muestras se encontraron AVL; se aislaron 15 AVL, que se identificaron como Acanthamoeba sp., mayoritariamente pertenecientes al genotipo T4. La vigilancia de parásitos en ambientes acuáticos de uso recreativo es un complemento importante a la de los indicadores microbiológicos tradicionales para la evaluación de la calidad del agua. Los parásitos identificados representan un potencial riesgo para la salud de las personas que hacen uso de dichos ambientes.
Waterborne diseases can have different origins, micro-organisms such as bacteria and parasites being the most important ones. In this study, two recreational aquatic environments were studied in the province of Salta, Argentina. Water samples collected from three different locations, two from a creek and one from the outlet of a thermal complex, were monitored at four time points. Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of each point was conducted, as well as a search for parasites and amebae. Parasites were identified through optical microscopy observations and free-living amebae (FLA) were isolated by spiking in Petri dishes followed by subsequent molecular identification. Water samples from the outlet of the thermal complex showed different physicochemical characteristics from those of the creek. Bacterial indicators of contamination were detected at all points; however, the creek water had a significantly higher concentration of Pseudomonas sp. Sporadically, creek samples exhibited Ascaris spp. eggs, Giardia sp. cysts, and ancylostomid eggs. The presence of FLA was observed in all samples, 15 of which were isolated and identified as Acanthamoeba sp., mostly belonging to the T4 genotype. Parasite surveillance in recreational aquatic environments is an important complement to traditional microbial indicators for assessing water quality. The identified parasites represent a potential health risk for people using these environments.
Waterborne diseases can have different origins, micro-organisms such as bacteria and parasites being the most important ones. In this study, two recreational aquatic environments were studied in the province of Salta, Argentina. Water samples collected from three different locations, two from a creek and one from the outlet of a thermal complex, were monitored at four time points. Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of each point was conducted, as well as a search for parasites and amebae. Parasites were identified through optical microscopy observations and free-living amebae (FLA) were isolated by spiking in Petri dishes followed by subsequent molecular identification. Water samples from the outlet of the thermal complex showed different physicochemical characteristics from those of the creek. Bacterial indicators of contamination were detected at all points; however, the creek water had a significantly higher concentration of Pseudomonas sp. Sporadically, creek samples exhibited Ascaris spp. eggs, Giardia sp. cysts, and ancylostomid eggs. The presence of FLA was observed in all samples, 15 of which were isolated and identified as Acanthamoeba sp., mostly belonging to the T4 genotype. Parasite surveillance in recreational aquatic environments is an important complement to traditional microbial indicators for assessing water quality. The identified parasites represent a potential health risk for people using these environments.
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