Evaluación de la tendencia y la periodicidad de eventos térmicos y pluviométricos en el Sudoeste Bonaerense (Argentina)

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Fecha
10/2020
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Humanidades. Instituto de Geografía
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Huellas
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ISSN
0329-0573
eISSN
2362-5643
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Español
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Resumen
El Sudoeste Bonaerense es un área localizada en el sur de la Región Pampeana (Argentina) que concentra el 12 % de la producción agrícola nacional. A pesar de que existen numerosas investigaciones climáticas de la región, no se han estudiado los ciclos y tendencias térmicas y pluviométricas y de los eventos de sequías e inundaciones. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la periodicidad de los eventos térmicos y pluviométricos durante el período 1970-2016. Para llevarlo a cabo, se estudiaron series diarias de datos meteorológicos con un test de Mann-Kendall, con el cálculo del Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación y de la Transformada de Wavelet Continua. Los resultados demostraron que la temperatura tuvo una tendencia positiva y significativa, excepto en el norte. Los eventos de precipitación se originaron en simultáneo en toda la región y coincidieron con la ocurrencia de eventos El Niño o La Niña. Los de menor intensidad ocurrieron de forma heterogénea. La periodicidad termo-pluviométrica evidenció una inconsistencia espacial dado que las señales fueron distintas en sentido norte-sur. La información obtenida permite disponer de una base de datos necesaria para enmarcar planes de ordenamiento del territorio con vistas a un desarrollo sustentable.
The southwest region of Buenos Aires province is an area located in the south of the Pampas region (Argentina), that concentrates 12 % of the national agricultural production. In spite of the existence of ample research on the climate of this region, neither thermal and rainfall cycles and tendencies, nor the cycles of dry and wet events, have been studied yet. For these reasons, this research aimed at evaluating the periodicity of thermal and rainfall events during the period 1970-2016. For such a purpose, daily meteorological series were analyzed through a Mann-Kendall test, the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Continuous Wavelet Transform. For temperature, results showed the existence of a positive and significant trend in most of the area, except in the north. Rainfall events took place all over the study area simultaneously, and they coincided with El Niño or La Niña events. Less intense precipitation events occurred in a heterogeneous way. The periodicity of thermal and rainfall events made evident a spatial inconsistency as the north was characterized by seasonal and annual cycles and in the south the cycles were heterogeneous. The results obtained provide decision-makers with a useful database to frame territorial planning with a view to achieving sustainable development.
The southwest region of Buenos Aires province is an area located in the south of the Pampas region (Argentina), that concentrates 12 % of the national agricultural production. In spite of the existence of ample research on the climate of this region, neither thermal and rainfall cycles and tendencies, nor the cycles of dry and wet events, have been studied yet. For these reasons, this research aimed at evaluating the periodicity of thermal and rainfall events during the period 1970-2016. For such a purpose, daily meteorological series were analyzed through a Mann-Kendall test, the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Continuous Wavelet Transform. For temperature, results showed the existence of a positive and significant trend in most of the area, except in the north. Rainfall events took place all over the study area simultaneously, and they coincided with El Niño or La Niña events. Less intense precipitation events occurred in a heterogeneous way. The periodicity of thermal and rainfall events made evident a spatial inconsistency as the north was characterized by seasonal and annual cycles and in the south the cycles were heterogeneous. The results obtained provide decision-makers with a useful database to frame territorial planning with a view to achieving sustainable development.
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