Análisis del impacto de heurísticas en la toma de decisiones en condiciones de incertidumbre en PyMEs
; Milanesi, Gastón S. ; Vigier, Hernan Pedro ; Toscana, Lidia Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2015
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Escuela de Perfeccionamiento en Investigación Operativa
Revista
Revista de la Escuela de Perfeccionamiento en Investigación Operativa
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1853-9777
eISSN
0329-7322
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Español
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Resumen
Las decisiones y la incertidumbre son parte de la vida. Dentro de las teorías clásicas de la elección y los métodos cuantitativos, se encuentran los árboles de decisión. Éstos emplean el teorema de Bayes y el criterio del valor esperado, proponiendo la mejor alternativa. Sin embargo, el individuo ilimitadamente racional que suponen los clásicos no describe fielmente la realidad. Se ha probado que sus decisiones se encuentran afectadas por heurísticas y sesgos, los cuales están incorporados en los nuevos modelos conductuales. Este escenario no sólo se visualiza en individuos, sino también en organizaciones. La problemática se acrecienta en las PyMEs, producto de su particular caracterización. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar las heurísticas más observadas en las decisiones de empresarios PyME de la región de Bahía Blanca. La metodología empleada fue el panel de expertos. Se les presentó a docentes investigadores de dos universidades locales y a referentes de instituciones relacionadas con PyMEs nueve heurísticas, para que definieran el nivel de presencia de cada una. Se concluyó que las
Decisions and uncertainty are part of life. Within the classical theories of choice and quantitative methods, we could find decision trees. They use Bayes theorem and the expected value criterion proposing the best alternative. However, the unlimited rational individual defined by the classics does not truly describe reality. It has been proven that their decisions are influenced by heuristics and biases, which are now added to the new behaviour models. This structure is not only observed in individuals but in organizations as well. And it is increased in SMEs as a result of their peculiar characteristics. For this reason, the objective of this article is to present the most commonly observed heuristics in the decisions made by SMEs business managers in the region of Bahía Blanca. The methodology employed a panel of experts. Nine heuristics were submitted to researcher professors of two local universities as well as to representatives of institutions related to SMEs in order for them to define the level of occurrence of each one. It was concluded that the most observed ones were: Availability, Representativeness, and Overconfidence.
Decisions and uncertainty are part of life. Within the classical theories of choice and quantitative methods, we could find decision trees. They use Bayes theorem and the expected value criterion proposing the best alternative. However, the unlimited rational individual defined by the classics does not truly describe reality. It has been proven that their decisions are influenced by heuristics and biases, which are now added to the new behaviour models. This structure is not only observed in individuals but in organizations as well. And it is increased in SMEs as a result of their peculiar characteristics. For this reason, the objective of this article is to present the most commonly observed heuristics in the decisions made by SMEs business managers in the region of Bahía Blanca. The methodology employed a panel of experts. Nine heuristics were submitted to researcher professors of two local universities as well as to representatives of institutions related to SMEs in order for them to define the level of occurrence of each one. It was concluded that the most observed ones were: Availability, Representativeness, and Overconfidence.
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