Diversidad y evaluación toxicológica de peces como indicadores de contaminación por mercurio, plomo, cadmio, cobre y arsénico, provincia de Tucumán, República Argentina
; Cancino, F. ; Ferullo, S. ; Gamundi, C. Otros responsables
Fecha
2015
Editorial
Fundación Miguel Lillo
Revista
Serie de Conservación de la Naturaleza
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0325-9625
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Español
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Resumen
El deterioro de la calidad de agua en ambientes naturales es inherente a cualquier actividad humana. La actividad minera impacta en los cuerpos de agua, ocasionando la acumulación de metales pesados en la biota acuática. La detección de éstos, en peces comestibles, es un tema prioritario ya que se bioacumulan y magnifican, comprometiendo la salud del hombre, la de otros organismos que los ingieren y del ambiente. Hasta el presente trabajo, no se había realizado este tipo de estudio en peces de Tucumán. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar: la acumulación de metales pesados y la biodiversidad de peces en relación con la contaminación. Se realizaron nueve viajes de colecta en ríos y embalses (de octubre a noviembre de 2000), se registraron 27 especies, encontrando en ambientes más poluídos: menor riqueza de especies, diversidad y equidad y que están habitados por una especie dominante generalista. Se evaluaron 5 metales pesados bioacumulados: mercurio, cadmio, plomo, cobre y arsénico, de los cuales los tres primeros superaron los niveles guía del Có- digo Alimentario Argentino y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en especies que se usan para consumo humano. Se debe evaluar regularmente tejidos de peces y tomar medidas restrictivas, no de pesca deportiva pero si de consumo de las especies afectadas.
The deterioration of water quality in natural environments is inherent to any human activity. Mining activities impact on water bodies, causing the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic biota. Its detection in edible fish is a priority, since it bioaccumulates and magnifies, compromising human health, that of other organisms that ingest them and the environment. Until now, this type of study had not been conducted in fishes in the Tucumán province. The objective of this study was to evaluate: the accumulation of heavy metals and the fish biodiversity in relation to pollution. Nine collecting trips were conducted in rivers and dams (from October to November of 2000). Twenty-seven species were recorded, finding in more polluted environments: lower species richness, diversity and equity and the presence of a generalist dominant species. Mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and arsenic were evaluated, of which the first three exceeded guide levels of the Argentine Food Code and the World Health Organization, in species used for human consumption. Fish tissue samples should be regularly examined and restrictive measures should be taken, not on fishing sports, but on the consumption of involved species.
The deterioration of water quality in natural environments is inherent to any human activity. Mining activities impact on water bodies, causing the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic biota. Its detection in edible fish is a priority, since it bioaccumulates and magnifies, compromising human health, that of other organisms that ingest them and the environment. Until now, this type of study had not been conducted in fishes in the Tucumán province. The objective of this study was to evaluate: the accumulation of heavy metals and the fish biodiversity in relation to pollution. Nine collecting trips were conducted in rivers and dams (from October to November of 2000). Twenty-seven species were recorded, finding in more polluted environments: lower species richness, diversity and equity and the presence of a generalist dominant species. Mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and arsenic were evaluated, of which the first three exceeded guide levels of the Argentine Food Code and the World Health Organization, in species used for human consumption. Fish tissue samples should be regularly examined and restrictive measures should be taken, not on fishing sports, but on the consumption of involved species.
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