La nueva camada: Experiencias de renovación sindical protagonizadas por jóvenes en la última década

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Fecha
11/2018
Editorial
Asociación Latinoamericana de Estudios del Trabajo
Revista
Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios del Trabajo
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1405-1331
eISSN
1856-8378
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Español
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Resumen
En este trabajo hemos intentado señalar algunos rasgos específicos que marcaron el desarrollo sindical de la última época, haciendo hincapié en el proceso de renovación generacional de las bases gremiales. En términos generales, analizamos, por un lado, la vuelta al protagonismo de la escena de la conflictividad de los sindicatos y, dentro de ese fenómeno, la tendencia a la descentralización, es decir el crecimiento de los disputas traccionadas desde los propios espacios de trabajo en combinación con un centralismo en las instancias de negociación. Este fortalecimiento “por abajo” se tra-dujo en el despliegue de un conjunto bien heterogéneo de experiencias de diversa cualidad, radicalidad y fortaleza en los distintos sectores. Asimismo, indagamos en la traducción normativa (jurídica y legislativa) de este fenómeno y, en especial, en la incidencia del factor generacional. Para darle carnadura y analizar en concreto expe-riencias recientes llevadas adelante por jóvenes militantes sindicales, caracterizamos dos casos resonantes: la Unión Informática y el gremio de aceiteros. Ambos se ubican en el ámbito privado, en dos sectores estratégicos en la estructura económica: uno del rubro de servicios (software) y otro de agroindustria (aceite). Sus construcciones tienen rasgos comunes –fundamentalmente el desarrollo de procesos de renova-ción interna liderados por una nueva generación de militantes–, aunque sus perfiles político-gremiales permiten pensarlos, en contraste, como dos modelos arquetípi-cos de concepción sindical, lo que constituye una interesante muestra de la diversidad de matices que caracterizó la “reactivación por abajo” del sindicalismo en la última década.
In this paper we have tried to point out some specific features that marked the union development of the last epoch, emphasizing the process of generational renewal of the union bases. In general terms, we analyze, on the one hand, the return to the pro-tagonism of the scene of the conflict of the unions and, within this phenomenon, the tendency to the decentralization, that is to say the growth of the disputes tractioned from the own spaces of work in combination with a centralism in the instances of ne-gotiation. This strengthening “from below” resulted in the deployment of a very he-terogeneous set of experiences of diverse quality, radicality and strength in the diffe-rent sectors. We also investigate the normative (legal and legislative) translation of this phenomenon and, in particular, the incidence of the generational factor. To flesh out and analyze in concrete recent experiences carried out by young union militants, we characterized two resounding cases: The Information Union and the oil industry. Both are located in the private sector, in two strategic sectors in the economic structu-re: one of the services (software) and another agribusiness (oil) sector. Their construc-tions have common features –fundamentally the development of internal renewal processes led by a new generation of militants–, although their political-professional profiles allow them to be seen as two archetypal models of union conception, which is an interesting example of the diversity of nuances that characterized the “uprising down” of trade unionism in the last decade.
In this paper we have tried to point out some specific features that marked the union development of the last epoch, emphasizing the process of generational renewal of the union bases. In general terms, we analyze, on the one hand, the return to the pro-tagonism of the scene of the conflict of the unions and, within this phenomenon, the tendency to the decentralization, that is to say the growth of the disputes tractioned from the own spaces of work in combination with a centralism in the instances of ne-gotiation. This strengthening “from below” resulted in the deployment of a very he-terogeneous set of experiences of diverse quality, radicality and strength in the diffe-rent sectors. We also investigate the normative (legal and legislative) translation of this phenomenon and, in particular, the incidence of the generational factor. To flesh out and analyze in concrete recent experiences carried out by young union militants, we characterized two resounding cases: The Information Union and the oil industry. Both are located in the private sector, in two strategic sectors in the economic structu-re: one of the services (software) and another agribusiness (oil) sector. Their construc-tions have common features –fundamentally the development of internal renewal processes led by a new generation of militants–, although their political-professional profiles allow them to be seen as two archetypal models of union conception, which is an interesting example of the diversity of nuances that characterized the “uprising down” of trade unionism in the last decade.
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