La democracia en América Latina: la alternativa entre populismo y democracia deliberativa

Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2011
Editorial
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Economia y Geografia Aplicadas
Revista
Isegoria
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1130-2097
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
En Política VI 2, 1317b 1-17, Aristóteles define así la democracia: «el rasgo esencial de la democracia es el vivir como se quiere sin ninguna interferencia y de aquí vino el de no ser gobernado, si es posible por nadie, y si no, por turnos. Esta característica contribuye a un sistema general de la libertad fundada en la igualdad». Este modelo normativo dio lugar, históricamente, a dos posibles regímenes políticos, la democracia popular o extrema, basada en la participación directa de todos los ciudadanos, como en Atenas, y una «constitución mixta» que tenía rasgos tanto democráticos como oligárquicos, llamada república en la tradición romana desde Cicerón. La democracia moderna es la heredera de ambos regímenes, moderada por la nueva concepción de los derechos individuales que son propios del pensamiento moderno desde Hugo Grotius hasta la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos. La constitución representativa fue, así, la solución moderna al conflicto entre gobierno de la mayoría y gobierno de las leyes. Desde su Independencia en el siglo XIX, las democracias de América Latina sufren por la tensión no resuelta entre populismo y constitución liberal democrática. El neo-populismo que surgió en los últimos años del siglo XX se presentó como un desafío y una respuesta a las promesas incumplidas de la democracia. Contra los defensores del populismo autoritario, como por ejemplo Ch. Mouffe y E. Laclau, yo sostengo que la democracia deliberativa es una respuesta superior a esas promesas.
In Politics VI 2, 1317b 1-17, Aristotle defines «democracy» as follows: «the aim of democracy is, ideally, freedom from any interference of government, and, failing that, such freedom as comes from alternation of ruling and being ruled. It contributes, in this way, to a general system of liberty based on equality». Historically, this normative model shaped two possible political regimes, v. gr., popular or extreme democracy, based on direct participation of all citizens, as in Athens, and a «mixed constitution» containing oligarchic as well as democratic features, called «republican» in the roman tradition since Cicero. Modern democracy was the heir of both these Ancient regimes, tempered by the new conception of individual rights belonging to Modern thought from Hugo Grotius to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The representative constitution was, thus, the modern solution to the conflict between government of the majority and government of the laws. Since their Independence in the 19th century, Latin American democracies suffer from the unresolved tension between populism and the liberal constitutional regime. The neo-populism that grew in the last years of 20th century appears as a response and defiance to democracy's unfulfilled promises. Against defenders of authoritarian populism, such as Ch. Mouffe and E. Laclau, I argue that deliberative democracy is a better response to them.
In Politics VI 2, 1317b 1-17, Aristotle defines «democracy» as follows: «the aim of democracy is, ideally, freedom from any interference of government, and, failing that, such freedom as comes from alternation of ruling and being ruled. It contributes, in this way, to a general system of liberty based on equality». Historically, this normative model shaped two possible political regimes, v. gr., popular or extreme democracy, based on direct participation of all citizens, as in Athens, and a «mixed constitution» containing oligarchic as well as democratic features, called «republican» in the roman tradition since Cicero. Modern democracy was the heir of both these Ancient regimes, tempered by the new conception of individual rights belonging to Modern thought from Hugo Grotius to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The representative constitution was, thus, the modern solution to the conflict between government of the majority and government of the laws. Since their Independence in the 19th century, Latin American democracies suffer from the unresolved tension between populism and the liberal constitutional regime. The neo-populism that grew in the last years of 20th century appears as a response and defiance to democracy's unfulfilled promises. Against defenders of authoritarian populism, such as Ch. Mouffe and E. Laclau, I argue that deliberative democracy is a better response to them.
Colecciones
Aprobación
Revisión
Complementado por
Referenciado por
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto donde se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este ítem se describe como by
