Insecticidal application of essential oils loaded polymeric nanoparticles to control German cockroach: Design, characterization and lethal/sublethal effects

Abstract

Essential oils (EO) from peppermint, palmarosa, geranium, lavender and rosemary were tested against the German cockroach, Blatella germanica L. (Blattaria: Blatellidae). Peppermint and palmarosa oils were the most effective and were included in a polyethylene glycol 6000 matrix to obtain EO loaded polymeric nanoparticles (EOPN). The physicochemical analyses indicated that, at 7 days postformulation, peppermint EOPN had sizes of 380 nm, the loading efficiency (LE) was 72.25% and the polydispersity index (PDI) was >0.4 (polydisperse sample). Palmarosa EOPN had sizes of 191 nm; LE was 89.75% and PDI was <0.25 (monodisperse sample). Peppermint and palmarosa EOPN enhanced the lethal and sublethal effects of the EO on B. germanica. These results suggest that the newly developed nanoinsecticides could be successfully used to control German cockroach.