Hoja de ruta para pensar la salud laboral en las trabajadoras mineras: Perspectiva crítica

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Fecha
07/2025
Editorial
Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Trabajadores
Revista
Revista Cubana de Salud y Trabajo
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1991-9395
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Español
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Resumen
Introducción: Se aborda la relación salud laboral, trabajo minero metalífero y género a partir de las innovaciones en los procesos de trabajo. Se cuestiona la concepción hegemónica basada en la epidemiología del riesgo y se plantea una alternativa de abordaje teórico que rescate la mirada de la salud y del riesgo como fruto de controversias no resumibles sólo a estadísticas. Objetivo: Proponer un abordaje teórico para el análisis de la salud laboral de las trabajadoras minero metalíferas desde una perspectiva crítica. Desarrollo: La minería es considerada un caso paradigmático de procesos de trabajo que generan deterioro y ponen en riesgo la vida de la persona trabajadora. La gestión de la salud y seguridad laboral por parte de las empresas se enfoca en las afecciones físicas, sin considerar su salud psicosocial. Poner en discusión la epidemiología centrada en el riesgo, y la salud laboral como producto de la estadística implica por un lado recuperar la idea de salud como un campo en disputa y cuestionar su definición de manera unilateral, y por otro, pensar los procesos de salud enfermedad como colectivos, situados, integrales, enmarcados en relaciones de género. Conclusiones: Si se considera la salud como un campo en disputa no se puede pasar por alto que existe una concepción hegemónica y que para poner en tensión sus definiciones deben construirse o reconstruirse miradas sobre la salud laboral desde las personas trabajadoras, donde sus voces y percepciones sean protagonistas.
Introduction: In the present work we deal with the relationship health-work, mining metalliferous work and gender from the innovations in the work-processes. We suggest to question the hegemonic conception based on the epidemiology of risk and suggest an alternative theoretical approach that focuses on health and risks as a result of controversies. Objective: propose a theoretical approach for the analysis of occupational health of the female mining metalliferous workers from an critical perspective. Development: Mining has been considered a paradigmatic case of work processes which deteriorate or even put at risk the lives of the working people. The management of the health and occupational safety on the part of the companies, follows the guidelines of the national regulations which focus on the physical ailments, complies with the safety requirements which seek to prevent or minimize the damage, without considering psychosocial health. Discussing the epidemiology centred in the risk, and the occupational health as a product of statistics, implies; on the one hand, recovering the idea of health as a field for dispute and question its definition in an unilateral way, and, on the other hand, thinking the health-disease processes as collective and situated in time, space and gender relations. Conclusion: We cannot overlook that there is an hegemonic conception and that, in order to put in tension its definitions new looks on the occupational health must be built or rebuilt from the perspective of the working people, where their voices and perceptions can be the protagonists.
Introduction: In the present work we deal with the relationship health-work, mining metalliferous work and gender from the innovations in the work-processes. We suggest to question the hegemonic conception based on the epidemiology of risk and suggest an alternative theoretical approach that focuses on health and risks as a result of controversies. Objective: propose a theoretical approach for the analysis of occupational health of the female mining metalliferous workers from an critical perspective. Development: Mining has been considered a paradigmatic case of work processes which deteriorate or even put at risk the lives of the working people. The management of the health and occupational safety on the part of the companies, follows the guidelines of the national regulations which focus on the physical ailments, complies with the safety requirements which seek to prevent or minimize the damage, without considering psychosocial health. Discussing the epidemiology centred in the risk, and the occupational health as a product of statistics, implies; on the one hand, recovering the idea of health as a field for dispute and question its definition in an unilateral way, and, on the other hand, thinking the health-disease processes as collective and situated in time, space and gender relations. Conclusion: We cannot overlook that there is an hegemonic conception and that, in order to put in tension its definitions new looks on the occupational health must be built or rebuilt from the perspective of the working people, where their voices and perceptions can be the protagonists.
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