‘Scientifying’ spirituality or spiritualising biomedicine? Exploring the interplay in healthcare practices in Argentina and Spain

Abstract

This article investigates the dynamic interplay between spirituality, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and health systems within diverse sociocultural contexts, focusing on Argentina and Spain. Through empirical analysis of contemporary forms of spirituality and health, the study examines how CAM therapies are integrated and negotiated within healthcare institutions and how their spiritual dimensions are addressed. The comparative analysis of Argentina and Spain, countries with shared cultural, religious, and linguistic ties yet distinct socioeconomic developments and healthcare systems, uncovers notable similarities. Specifically, two concurrent processes are identified: first, the trend towards ‘scientifying’ CAM practices to align them with mainstream health systems, and second, the increasing spiritualisation of healthcare environments, especially in palliative care. In both contexts, the concept of scientific evidence emerges as a pivotal ‘symbolic marker’, influencing the acceptance or rejection of CAM therapies among healthcare professionals. This dual process underscores significant tensions in the perception and integration of spirituality within healthcare settings, highlighting broader implications for the articulation of spiritual practices and conventional medical paradigms. The comparative approach provides valuable insights into attitudes towards spirituality and CAM in similar yet distinct contexts.