Domesticación del coirón blanco, una especie nativa con potencial para recuperar e incrementar la productividad de los pastizales patagónicos
; López, Aldana Soledad
; Azpilicueta, María Marta ; Guidalevich, Veronica
; Nagahama, Nicolas
; Angeli, Juan Pablo
; Martin Albarracin, Valeria Leticia
; Easdale, Marcos Horacio
; Ugarte, Cristina Cecilia
; Aparicio, A. G. Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2022
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Producción Animal
Revista
Revista Argentina de Producción Animal
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0326-0550
eISSN
2314-324X
ISBN
Idioma
Español
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
Los pastizalespatagónicos, principal recurso forrajero de la ganadería extensiva, seencuentran en franco deterioro con un marcado retroceso de algunas de susespecies clave. Esta situación se está agravando en el contexto de una sequíaprolongada y un aumento de la frecuencia de eventos extremos, producto delcambio climático. Con el objetivo de promover el uso de especies forrajerasnativas para aumentar la productividad de los pastizales y contribuir a surestauración, se inició un programa de domesticación de Festuca pallescens (coirón blanco).En esta revisión presentamos los avances del programa que involucra lacaracterización genética y ecofisiológica de la especie, así como la evaluaciónde la variación en la calidad forrajera y en caracteres de interés productivo.Además, se presentan las primeras experiencias del comportamiento en sistemasproductivos mediante su implantación en ensayos en valles irrigados y eldesarrollo tecnológico asociado a la producción de plantas, manipulación desemillas e implantación a campo. Los resultados indican que la especie tienegran variabilidad genética y sus poblaciones están adaptadas localmente a losdistintos ambientes que habita. Hay poblaciones que se destacan en distintosaspectos (mayor productividad de forraje, producción abundante de semillas,germinación, calidad forrajera, tolerancia a estrés hídrico), por lo que estánsiendo seleccionadas para cubrir distintas necesidades. Las especies nativas,por estar adaptadas a sus ambientes, se vislumbran como alternativaspromisorias y ecológicamente amigables, especialmente en el contexto ambientalcambiante impuesto por el cambio global.
The Patagonian grasslands, main forage resource for extensive livestock, are in clear deterioration with a marked decline in some of their key species. This situation worsens in the context of a prolonged drought and an increase in the frequency of extreme events, as a result of climate change. With the aim of promoting the use of native forage species to increase the productivity of grasslands and contribute to their restoration, a program for the domestication of Festuca pallescens (coirón blanco) was initiated. In this review we present the advances of the program that involves the genetic and ecophysiological characterization of the species, as well as the evaluation of forage quality and variation in traits of productive interest. In addition, we present the first experiences in productive systems and the technological developments associated with the production of plants, seed management and field implantation. The results indicate that the species shows large genetic variability and its populations are locally adapted to their natural environments. There are populations that stand out in different aspects (forage productivity, abundant seed production, germination, forage quality, tolerance to drought stress), and are being selected to serve different demands. Being adapted to their environments, native species are perceived as promising and ecologically friendly alternatives, especially in the environmental context imposed by global change.
The Patagonian grasslands, main forage resource for extensive livestock, are in clear deterioration with a marked decline in some of their key species. This situation worsens in the context of a prolonged drought and an increase in the frequency of extreme events, as a result of climate change. With the aim of promoting the use of native forage species to increase the productivity of grasslands and contribute to their restoration, a program for the domestication of Festuca pallescens (coirón blanco) was initiated. In this review we present the advances of the program that involves the genetic and ecophysiological characterization of the species, as well as the evaluation of forage quality and variation in traits of productive interest. In addition, we present the first experiences in productive systems and the technological developments associated with the production of plants, seed management and field implantation. The results indicate that the species shows large genetic variability and its populations are locally adapted to their natural environments. There are populations that stand out in different aspects (forage productivity, abundant seed production, germination, forage quality, tolerance to drought stress), and are being selected to serve different demands. Being adapted to their environments, native species are perceived as promising and ecologically friendly alternatives, especially in the environmental context imposed by global change.
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