La industria textil y las condiciones laborales de los/as trabajadores. Buenos Aires, 1939-1946. Un análisis desde la economía, la historia social, y los estudios de género
; Wertheimer Becich, Lautaro Martín Otros responsables
Fecha
2018-06-05
Editorial
Fundación de Investigaciones Históricas, Económicas y Sociales
Revista
Ciclos en la Historia, la Economia y la Sociedad
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ISSN
1851-3735
eISSN
0327-4063
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Español
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Resumen
Desde un análisis interdisciplinario que recoge aportes de la historia social, la economía y los estudios de género, este trabajo intenta reconstruir las experiencias de las y los trabajadores de la industria textil, profundizando sobre el trabajo asalariado y el trabajo doméstico, o trabajo del cuidado, no remunerado. El estudio se centra en Buenos Aires entre los años 1939 y 1946, en que el Partido Comunista (PC) de la Argentina fue la dirección del sindicato, la Unión Obrera Textil (UOT). Luego de incursionar en documentación antes no utilizada o no interrogada acerca de estas cuestiones, se halla que las experiencias laborales de las obreras textiles fueron muy distintas a las de los varones y se demuestra que estas diferencias se debieron al género y no a otras cuestiones como la calificación, por ejemplo, ya que a pesar de contar con puestos más calificados, la remuneración de las mujeres era marcadamente menor a la de los hombres. Asimismo, se demuestra que las obreras textiles tuvieron una experiencia de clase particular determinada por su rol en el trabajo doméstico, que el PC pudo detectar, frente a la cual tuvo respuestas políticas, y constituyó demandas ante esta situación.
From an interdisciplinary analysis, which collects contributions from social history, economics and gender studies, we try to reconstruct the experiences of workers in the textile industry, going deeper into wage labor and domestic work , or care work, unpaid. The study focuses on Buenos Aires during 1939-1946, when the Argentine Communist Party (PC) was the leadership of the union, the Union Obrera Textil (UOT). After having penetrated previously unused or non-questioned documentation on these issues, we found that the labor experiences of the female textile workers were very different from those of the men and we showed that these differences were due to gender and not to other issues such as the qualification, for example, since in spite of having more qualified positions, the wage of the women was markedly inferior to that of the men. We also showed that the textile workers had a particular class experience determined by their role in domestic work, which the PC was able to detect, it had political answers against which, and constituted demands in this situation.
From an interdisciplinary analysis, which collects contributions from social history, economics and gender studies, we try to reconstruct the experiences of workers in the textile industry, going deeper into wage labor and domestic work , or care work, unpaid. The study focuses on Buenos Aires during 1939-1946, when the Argentine Communist Party (PC) was the leadership of the union, the Union Obrera Textil (UOT). After having penetrated previously unused or non-questioned documentation on these issues, we found that the labor experiences of the female textile workers were very different from those of the men and we showed that these differences were due to gender and not to other issues such as the qualification, for example, since in spite of having more qualified positions, the wage of the women was markedly inferior to that of the men. We also showed that the textile workers had a particular class experience determined by their role in domestic work, which the PC was able to detect, it had political answers against which, and constituted demands in this situation.
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