Synthesis and characterization of gelatin/chondroitin sulfate microgels with NaCl: Preliminary research toward wound healing applications

Abstract

Gelatin and chondroitin sulfate are natural polymers with significant potential in the biomedical field, particularly for wound healing applications. They can form hydrogels that absorb exudates and exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used as antibacterial agents in wound management. Moreover, the addition of NaCl may enhance the efficacy and mechanical properties of the microgels. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of gelatin/chondroitin sulfate powder hydrogels, both with and without AgNPs, obtained through fungal digestion and NaCl for potential acute wound healing application. As a result, AgNPs were successfully synthesized, they are spherical with an average size of 19 ± 6 nm. Microgels were obtained via electrostatic interactions and processed using spray drying equipment, the highest yield was 50.2 ± 7.1 %. Characterization results indicated that the composition significantly influenced the yield percentage, which was greater in samples containing NaCl. Moreover, particle areas varied significantly from 6.0 ± 1.3 μm2 to 85.6 ± 35.9 μm2 with the incorporation of salt. Swelling capacities were similar over time, with highest values at 15 min exceeding 500 % under physiological conditions. Notably, microgels exhibited enhanced disintegration resistance compared to gelatin alone, making them suitable for sustained wound coverage. The incorporation of AgNPs conferred notable antimicrobial activity; however, it adversely affected erythrocyte viability. Therefore, microgels without AgNPs, particularly those containing NaCl, may be suitable for acute wounds management, while alternative methods or lower concentrations of AgNPs may be required to retain antibacterial properties.