Maestros para el sistema de educación pública. La fundación de escuelas normales en Argentina (1890-1930)

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Fecha
06/2014
Editorial
Sociedad Mexicana de Historia de la Educación
Revista
Revista de Historia de la Educación Mexicana
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2007-7335
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Español
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La ley 1420 que estipuló la educación como laica, obligatoria y gratuita en 1884. Las normales tenían como objetivo formar docentes para las escuelas primarias. En el trabajo se discuten los rasgos contradictorios que signaron el proyecto del normalismo. Éste fue enérgico y de gran alcance, pero al mismo tiempo habitado por numerosas limitaciones materiales y simbólicas; democrático e inclusivo en la letra, pero también intolerante y selectivo en sus prácticas. A partir de esta discusión, el artículo intenta matizar los rasgos que, según la bibliografía, caracterizaron a este proceso, en particular busca distanciarse de las lecturas que han enfatizado los aspectos centralizadores y homogeneizadores de las escuelas como factores que contribuyeron a los objetivos del Estado central. Para esto se recurre a documentos oficiales, como a los testimonios y crónicas de los primeros directores de escuelas normales.
This article studies the creation of Normal schools in Argentina, during a time at which public education was expanding partly as a result of new legislation establishing free, lay and compulsory education under law number 1420. In pursuing their aim to train primary school teachers, Normal schools developed a series of contradictions which are examined here. The project that established these schools was energetic and far-reaching but suffered from numerous material and symbolic shortcomings; it was democratic and inclusive in its aims but intolerant and selective in practice. Taking these problems into account, the article questions previous emphasis on the schools' centralising and homogenising qualities, allegedly instrumental for the central state's goals, and argues in favour of a more nuanced interpretation of the role of Normal schools in fulfilling (or not) such goals. To support this argument, official documents as well as testimonies and chronicles by the schools' first headteachers are examined.
This article studies the creation of Normal schools in Argentina, during a time at which public education was expanding partly as a result of new legislation establishing free, lay and compulsory education under law number 1420. In pursuing their aim to train primary school teachers, Normal schools developed a series of contradictions which are examined here. The project that established these schools was energetic and far-reaching but suffered from numerous material and symbolic shortcomings; it was democratic and inclusive in its aims but intolerant and selective in practice. Taking these problems into account, the article questions previous emphasis on the schools' centralising and homogenising qualities, allegedly instrumental for the central state's goals, and argues in favour of a more nuanced interpretation of the role of Normal schools in fulfilling (or not) such goals. To support this argument, official documents as well as testimonies and chronicles by the schools' first headteachers are examined.
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