Factores genéticos y ambientales que influencian la pigmentación con antocianinas en ajo: una revisión
; Burba, José Luis 
Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2022
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Horticultura
Revista
Horticultura Argentina
Título del libro
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
0327-3431
eISSN
1851-9342
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Palabras clave
Resumen
En algunos tipos de ajo (Allium sativum), y concretamente para la clasificación argentina, aquellos que corresponden a los grupos ecofisiológicos II (ajo rosado), IIIa (ajo morado) y IV (ajo colorado y castaño), la presencia de una coloración intensa, roja o morada, en las catáfilas del bulbo y hojas de protección del diente, es un factor de calidad altamente apreciado en algunos mercados. Dicha coloración se debe a la acumulación de antocianinas en estos tejidos. Varios factores parecen condicionar la biosíntesis y acumulación de antocianinas en bulbos de ajo, incluyendo el genotipo, estrés biótico (e.g., ataques de fitopatógenos e insectos) y abiótico (e.g., bajas temperaturas), prácticas agrícolas (e.g., fertilización de suelos, fecha de plantación, frigorificación de los bulbos previo a la plantación, y condiciones de almacenaje postcosecha), así como características climáticas y edáficas (e.g., pH y textura del suelo). La bibliografía sobre este tema no es abundante, se encuentra principalmente publicada en revistas locales, y no es fácilmente accesible. El objetivo de esta revisión fue compilar y discutir críticamente la información disponible sobre los distintos factores que afectan la pigmentación con antocianinas en ajo. Dicha información puede ser de interés para mejoradores y productores que buscan obtener ajos con intensa coloración, para satisfacer algunos mercados y preferencias del consumidor.
In some types of garlic (Allium sativum), and specifically for the Argentine classification, those that correspond to ecophysiological groups II (pink garlic), IIIa (purple garlic) and IV (red and brown garlic), the presence of an intense coloring, red or purple, in the bulb cataphylls and clove protection leaves, is a highly appreciated quality factor in some markets. This coloring is due to the accumulation of anthocyanins in these tissues. Several factors seem to condition the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in garlic bulbs, including the genotype, biotic- (e.g., attacks by phytopathogens and insects) and abiotic stress (e.g., low temperatures), agricultural practices (e.g., soil fertilization, date of planting, refrigeration of the bulbs prior to planting, and post-harvest storage conditions), as well as climatic and edaphic characteristics (e.g., pH and soil texture). Bibliography on this subject is not abundant, it is mainly published in local journals, and it is not easily accessible. The aim of this review was to compile and critically discuss the available information on the various factors affecting anthocyanin pigmentation in garlic. This information may be of interest to breeders and producers seeking to obtain garlics with intense coloring, to satisfy some markets and consumer preferences.
In some types of garlic (Allium sativum), and specifically for the Argentine classification, those that correspond to ecophysiological groups II (pink garlic), IIIa (purple garlic) and IV (red and brown garlic), the presence of an intense coloring, red or purple, in the bulb cataphylls and clove protection leaves, is a highly appreciated quality factor in some markets. This coloring is due to the accumulation of anthocyanins in these tissues. Several factors seem to condition the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in garlic bulbs, including the genotype, biotic- (e.g., attacks by phytopathogens and insects) and abiotic stress (e.g., low temperatures), agricultural practices (e.g., soil fertilization, date of planting, refrigeration of the bulbs prior to planting, and post-harvest storage conditions), as well as climatic and edaphic characteristics (e.g., pH and soil texture). Bibliography on this subject is not abundant, it is mainly published in local journals, and it is not easily accessible. The aim of this review was to compile and critically discuss the available information on the various factors affecting anthocyanin pigmentation in garlic. This information may be of interest to breeders and producers seeking to obtain garlics with intense coloring, to satisfy some markets and consumer preferences.
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