Filosofía, naturaleza y escepticismo en Michel de Montaigne

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09/2025
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Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia
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2526-110X
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En su ensayo Los Caníbales Michel de Montaigne relata la vida de un pueblo indígena sudamericano. En sus consideraciones destaca con buenos ojos un cierto tipo de sabiduría natural que articula las relaciones sociales de la tribu, lo que podría sugerir que la presenta como un saber a imitar. Frente a esta aparente idealización, sostendremos que la propuesta filosófica de Montaigne se nutre de la sabiduría que destaca en el pueblo indígena pero sólo bajo una crítica de tonalidad escéptica. Como en Los Ensayos las consideraciones sobre este tipo de sabiduría también ofician de crítica a la cultura europea, nos parece necesario incorporar las reflexiones que Montaigne desarrolla sobre el ejercicio filosófico en su tiempo. Para lograr nuestro objetivo, en un primer momento, expondremos las acusaciones que Montaigne realiza a la forma de vanidosa de entender la filosofía en la Francia de su época. En segundo lugar, analizaremos sus consideraciones sobre la experiencia vital de los indígenas a la que denominaremos como “sabiduría natural”. Por último, enunciaremos cómo Montaigne se reapropia de dicha sabiduría por medio de una crítica de tinte pirrónica donde el autoconocimiento y el cuerpo adquieren un protagonismo central.
In his essay Of Cannibals, Michel de Montaigne recounts the life of a South American indigenous people. In his reflections, he highlights, with a positive view, a certain type of natural wisdom that shapes the social relationships of the tribe, which could suggest that he presents it as a knowledge worth imitating. Against this apparent idealization, we will argue that Montaigne's philosophical proposal is nourished by the wisdom he emphasizes in the indigenous people, but only under a skeptical critique. As in The Essays, his reflections on this type of wisdom also serve as a critique of European culture, and we believe it is necessary to incorporate the thoughts Montaigne develops on the practice of philosophy in his time. To achieve our objective, we will first present the accusations Montaigne makes regarding the vain way in wich philosophy is understood in France during his era. Secondly, we will analyze his reflections on the life experience of the indigenous people, which we will call "natural wisdom." Lastly, we will outline how Montaigne reappropriates this wisdom through a critique of a Pyrrhonian tone, where self-knowledge and the body play a central role.
In his essay Of Cannibals, Michel de Montaigne recounts the life of a South American indigenous people. In his reflections, he highlights, with a positive view, a certain type of natural wisdom that shapes the social relationships of the tribe, which could suggest that he presents it as a knowledge worth imitating. Against this apparent idealization, we will argue that Montaigne's philosophical proposal is nourished by the wisdom he emphasizes in the indigenous people, but only under a skeptical critique. As in The Essays, his reflections on this type of wisdom also serve as a critique of European culture, and we believe it is necessary to incorporate the thoughts Montaigne develops on the practice of philosophy in his time. To achieve our objective, we will first present the accusations Montaigne makes regarding the vain way in wich philosophy is understood in France during his era. Secondly, we will analyze his reflections on the life experience of the indigenous people, which we will call "natural wisdom." Lastly, we will outline how Montaigne reappropriates this wisdom through a critique of a Pyrrhonian tone, where self-knowledge and the body play a central role.
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