Agronegocio transgénico desde una perspectiva de salud socioambiental y de ecofeminismo crítico

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12/2025
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2718-7241
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El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una aproximación conceptual al problema de las fumigaciones con agrotóxicos que se realizan en el marco del modelo de los agronegocios en la Argentina, especialmente a partir del siglo XXI, desde una perspectiva de salud socioambiental y de ecofeminismo crítico. Dicho modelo se consolidó con la imposición del paquete tecnológico, formado por semillas transgénicas, agrotóxicos y siembra directa. Este tipo de agricultura se ha profundizado especialmente en su pilar científico-tecnológico bajo la biotecnología agraria, con el desarrollo de los organismos vegetales genéticamente modificados, lo cual implicó la masificación de la aplicación de agrotóxicos para garantizar la productividad y rentabilidad de unos pocos cultivos, en detrimento de otras agriculturas como la familiar, campesina e indígena, y de la salud de los territorios. La perspectiva conceptual propuesta plantea que las fumigaciones en particular, y el agronegocio en general, producen consecuencias socioambientales que son atravesadas de manera diferencial según el género y los territorios. Nos interesa indagar entonces en los aportes teóricos de la salud socioambiental en el marco del pensamiento crítico en salud, la epidemiología crítica de los extractivismos y los ecofeminismos críticos para comprender los procesos de salud atravesados por los cuerpos-territorios.
The objective of this article is to carry out a conceptual approximation to the problem of fumigations with agrochemicals carried out within the framework of the agribusiness model in Argentina, especially starting from the 21st century, from a perspective of socio-environmental health and critical ecofeminism. This model was consolidated at the end of the 20th century with the imposition of the technological package, formed by transgenic seeds, agrochemicals, and no-till farming. This type of agriculture has deepened, especially in its scientific-technological pillar under agrarian biotechnology, with the development of genetically modified vegetable organisms. This has led to the massification of agrochemical application to guarantee the productivity and profitability of a few crops, to the detriment of other forms of agriculture such as family, peasant, and indigenous farming, and the health of the territories. The proposed conceptual perspective suggests that fumigations in particular, and agribusiness in general, produce socio-environmental consequences that are differentially cross-cut by gender and territories. We are therefore interested in exploring the theoretical contributions of socio-environmental health within the framework of critical thought in health and critical ecofeminisms to understand the health processes experienced by body-territories.
The objective of this article is to carry out a conceptual approximation to the problem of fumigations with agrochemicals carried out within the framework of the agribusiness model in Argentina, especially starting from the 21st century, from a perspective of socio-environmental health and critical ecofeminism. This model was consolidated at the end of the 20th century with the imposition of the technological package, formed by transgenic seeds, agrochemicals, and no-till farming. This type of agriculture has deepened, especially in its scientific-technological pillar under agrarian biotechnology, with the development of genetically modified vegetable organisms. This has led to the massification of agrochemical application to guarantee the productivity and profitability of a few crops, to the detriment of other forms of agriculture such as family, peasant, and indigenous farming, and the health of the territories. The proposed conceptual perspective suggests that fumigations in particular, and agribusiness in general, produce socio-environmental consequences that are differentially cross-cut by gender and territories. We are therefore interested in exploring the theoretical contributions of socio-environmental health within the framework of critical thought in health and critical ecofeminisms to understand the health processes experienced by body-territories.
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