La incidencia del lenguaje en el “fracaso escolar”: reconocimiento del problema y atisbo de la solución

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Fecha
10/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades
Revista
Revista de Educación
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Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
1853-1318
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Resumen
Hay manifestaciones visibles del llamado “fracaso escolar” en casi todas partes: Muchos chicos abandonan sus estudios antes de completar el ciclo primario o secundario, o sacan bajas calificaciones en los exámenes. Los participantes principales de este doloroso proceso son niños y adolescentes de los sectores socioeconómicos menos favorecidos y las investigaciones vienen mostrando desde hace tiempo que, en gran medida, la causa del “fracaso” es de orden social. Sin embargo, todavía resulta pertinente preguntar si el lenguaje desempeña algún papel en este complejo proceso de exclusión. Sobre la base de la lingüística sistémicofuncional (LSF) se pondrán a prueba tres hipótesis bastante difundidas, a veces de forma explícita y otras de manera implícita: la hipótesis del déficit, la del estereotipo y la de la diferencia. Parece que el “fracaso escolar” también está condicionado por la variedad de lengua, aunque esto no implica un menoscabo de dicha variedad. Conocer esta compleja situación es un primer e imprescindible paso para empezar a resolver el problema del fracaso escolar.
There are apparent manifestations of the so-called “school failure” almost everywhere. Many children and adolescents abandon elementary or high school, or obtain poor qualifications in their school tests. Children and adolescents belonging to less favored socioeconomic groups are the main participants of this sad process, and pieces of research have been showing for many years that the cause of this “failure” is mainly social. However, it is relevant to ask whether language plays some role in this complex process of exclusion. Three well-known hypotheses will be tested on the basis of SystemicFunctional Linguistics, being such hypotheses sometimes explicit and sometimes implicit: deficit, stereotype, and difference hypotheses. It seems that “school failure” is also conditioned by language varieties, although this fact does not imply that such variety is despicable. To know this complex situation is a first and necessary step in order to begin to solve the problem of school failure.
There are apparent manifestations of the so-called “school failure” almost everywhere. Many children and adolescents abandon elementary or high school, or obtain poor qualifications in their school tests. Children and adolescents belonging to less favored socioeconomic groups are the main participants of this sad process, and pieces of research have been showing for many years that the cause of this “failure” is mainly social. However, it is relevant to ask whether language plays some role in this complex process of exclusion. Three well-known hypotheses will be tested on the basis of SystemicFunctional Linguistics, being such hypotheses sometimes explicit and sometimes implicit: deficit, stereotype, and difference hypotheses. It seems that “school failure” is also conditioned by language varieties, although this fact does not imply that such variety is despicable. To know this complex situation is a first and necessary step in order to begin to solve the problem of school failure.
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