Estudio preliminar de caídas de rocas y factores condicionantes asociados al sismo 6.4 Mw. de enero de 2021, San Juan Argentina
; Rios, Natalia Noemí
; Cortéz Taillant, Valeria Sofia
; Tejada Recabarren, Flavia Emilce
; Esper Angillieri, María Yanina 
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Fecha
01/2022
Editorial
Asociación Geológica Argentina
Revista
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
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ISSN
0004-4822
eISSN
1851-8249
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Español
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Resumen
En el presente trabajo se realizó un inventario preliminar de las caídas de rocas generadas a partir del sismo de magnitud 6.4 Mw, ocurrido el 18 de enero en San juan, Argentina. Se identificaron 507 caídas de rocas, entre nuevas y reactivadas. Se trabajó en plataforma SIGcon imágenes Landsat, complementando con observaciones de campo. Se estudiaron los factores condicionantes de ocurrencia (pendientes, litología, comportamiento neotectónico, entre otros). La vulnerabilidad de la construcción de obras civiles afectadas, se evaluó mediante observación directa. Se observó que la mayor concentración de desprendimientos se ubicó a 60 kilómetros con dirección norte, en promedio, del foco sísmico y su mayoría se ubicó en laderas con orientación este. El 96.6 % de los procesos se observaron en rocas sedimentarias pertenecientes a las Formaciones Punta Negra, San Juan, La Dehesa, entre otras, y el 0.4 % restante en roca volcánica. Todas estas litologías están altamente meteorizadas, falladas y diaclasadas. Los tamaños de los bloques caídos son variados, se reconocen desde pocos centímetros hasta el metro cúbico. Los motivos principales se deberían a los factores condicionantes de pendiente, orientación de laderas y litología.
The objective of the following paper was to carry out a preliminary inventory of the rock falls generated by the earthquake of January 18, of magnitude 6.4 Mw, in San Juan province, Argentina. 507 rock falls were recorded, between new and reactivated. It worked in a Geographical Information System environment, from Landsat satellite images, with field observations. The determinants occurrence factors were studied (slope, lithology, neotectonic behavior, and others). The building vulnerability affected was evaluated by direct observation. It observed that the highest concentration of landslides was located 60 km to the north, on average, of the seismic focus and most of them were located on east-facing slopes. Landslides were located 96.6 % in sedimentary rock (Punta Negra Formation, San Juan Formation, La Dehesa, among others) and 0.4 % (Volcanic Rock). All rock fall were highly weathered, faulted and jointed. The rock fall sizes were ranging varied from a few cubic centimeters to meters. The main reasons that triggered the landslides would be due to determinants occurrence factors such as slopes, aspects and lithologies.
The objective of the following paper was to carry out a preliminary inventory of the rock falls generated by the earthquake of January 18, of magnitude 6.4 Mw, in San Juan province, Argentina. 507 rock falls were recorded, between new and reactivated. It worked in a Geographical Information System environment, from Landsat satellite images, with field observations. The determinants occurrence factors were studied (slope, lithology, neotectonic behavior, and others). The building vulnerability affected was evaluated by direct observation. It observed that the highest concentration of landslides was located 60 km to the north, on average, of the seismic focus and most of them were located on east-facing slopes. Landslides were located 96.6 % in sedimentary rock (Punta Negra Formation, San Juan Formation, La Dehesa, among others) and 0.4 % (Volcanic Rock). All rock fall were highly weathered, faulted and jointed. The rock fall sizes were ranging varied from a few cubic centimeters to meters. The main reasons that triggered the landslides would be due to determinants occurrence factors such as slopes, aspects and lithologies.
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