Trayectoria de las principales líneas de investigación en el estudio de restos humanos en el Noroeste argentino
; Baffi, Elvira Ines 
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Fecha
06/2020
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Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
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Cuadernos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
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0327-1471
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Resumen
En este trabajo se reseñan las principales tendencias epistemológicas que guiaron los estudios de restos humanos en el Noroeste Argentino. La historia de estos estudios se remonta a # nes del siglo XIX con investigaciones realizadas bajo paradigmas evolucionistas y enmarcadas en el proyecto colonialista y nacionalista de conformación del Estado– Nación. Posteriormente la Escuela Histórico–Cultural y su mirada estereotipada de los pueblos originarios marcó las investigaciones arqueológicas y de antropología biológica desde los años 20 hasta entrados los 80. El surgimiento de la Nueva Arqueología signi# có un momento de grandes cambios para la arqueología y el estudio de restos humanos, proceso que se impuso tardíamente en Argentina por los acontecimientos sociopolíticos del país y por la superviviencia de la Escuela Histórico - Cultural. En los `90 los debates en torno a las escuelas procesuales implicaron una lenta apertura a las nuevas teorías derivadas del postprocesualismo, lo cual aún resulta incipiente en la bioarqueología del noroeste argentino pero permitió generar nuevas preguntas de investigación. De esta manera, los estudios de restos humanos en dicha región fueron abordadas desde diversas perspectivas teóricas que implicaron abordajes e interpretaciones muy disímiles a lo largo del tiempo. Este recorrido sobre la trayectoria de la práctica profesional se considera un camino ineludible ya que permite comprender los lineamientos y posicionamientos teóricos de las diferentes investigaciones que se vienen desarrollando en los últimos años en la bioarqueología del noroeste de Argentina caracterizados por la convivencia de diferentes marcos teóricos.
In this work, the main epistemological tendencies that guided the studies of human remains in the Argentine Northwest are reviewed. The history of these studies dates back to the end of the 19th century, with research carried out under evolutionary paradigms and framed in the colonialist and nationalist project of state-nation formation. Subsequently, the Historical-Cultural School and its stereotyped view of the original peoples marked archaeological and biological anthropology research from the 20s until the 80s. The emergence of the New Archeology meant a time of great changes for archeology and the study of human remains, a process that was belatedly imposed in Argentina by the socio-political events of the country and by the survival of the Historical - Cultural School. In the ‘90s the debates about the procedural schools implied a slow opening to the new theories derived from postprocessualism, which is still incipient in the bioarchaeology of the Argentine northwest but allowed to generate new research questions. In this way, studies of human remains in this region were approached from various theoretical perspectives that involved very different approaches and interpretations over time. This journey on the trajectory of professional practice is considered an inescapable path since allows us to understand the guidelines and theoretical positions of the different investigations that have been developed in recent years in the bioarchaeology of northwestern Argentina characterized by the coexistence of different theoretical frameworks.
In this work, the main epistemological tendencies that guided the studies of human remains in the Argentine Northwest are reviewed. The history of these studies dates back to the end of the 19th century, with research carried out under evolutionary paradigms and framed in the colonialist and nationalist project of state-nation formation. Subsequently, the Historical-Cultural School and its stereotyped view of the original peoples marked archaeological and biological anthropology research from the 20s until the 80s. The emergence of the New Archeology meant a time of great changes for archeology and the study of human remains, a process that was belatedly imposed in Argentina by the socio-political events of the country and by the survival of the Historical - Cultural School. In the ‘90s the debates about the procedural schools implied a slow opening to the new theories derived from postprocessualism, which is still incipient in the bioarchaeology of the Argentine northwest but allowed to generate new research questions. In this way, studies of human remains in this region were approached from various theoretical perspectives that involved very different approaches and interpretations over time. This journey on the trajectory of professional practice is considered an inescapable path since allows us to understand the guidelines and theoretical positions of the different investigations that have been developed in recent years in the bioarchaeology of northwestern Argentina characterized by the coexistence of different theoretical frameworks.
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