Populismo y revolución en México: reflexiones en torno a los lenguajes políticos durante los años setenta

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Fecha
03/2019
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Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Revista Historia Autónoma
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2254-8726
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Resumen
El populismo constituye un concepto polivalente y disponible en el lenguaje político latinoamericano desde mediados de los años cincuenta hasta nuestros días. A grandes rasgos, la trayectoria del concepto fue desde las primeras definiciones sustancialistas, en sus versiones más o menos axiológicas y anómalas, hasta los abordajes no sustancialistas producidos hacia finales del siglo XX. El presente trabajo propone mostrar que hacia la década del 70 de la mano de la renovación de la teoría marxista, del pensamiento revolucionario y del enfoque de la dependencia, la polisemia constitutiva del populismo "se enfrentó" a un proceso de significación inverso: la resustancialización de los conceptos. En un país como México, donde la Revolución Mexicana se constituyó como mito fundacional de un Estado que se auto-representó como popular y nacionalista, la emergencia del debate sobre el populismo requirió de un novedoso proceso de innovación conceptual. De allí, que este artículo propone realizar un abordaje histórico-conceptual del populismo en México durante los años setenta, focalizando en los modos en que la constitución del concepto estuvo especialmente imbricada a la (re)significación de la Revolución.
Populism is a polyvalent concept and available in the Latin American political language from the mid-fifties until today. In general, the trajectory of the concept ranged from the first substantialist definitions, in their more or less axiological and anomalous versions, to the non-substantialist approaches produced towards the end of the 20th century. The present article proposes to show that towards the decade of the 70’s from the hand of the renewal of the Marxist theory, of the revolutionary thought and of the dependence approach, the constitutive polysemy of the populism “confronted” a process of inverse significance: the resubstantialization of the concepts. In a country like Mexico, where the Mexican Revolution was constituted as the founding myth of a state that represented itself as popular and nationalist, the emergence of the debate on populism required a new process of conceptual innovation. From there, this article tries to undertake a historical-conceptual approach to populism in Mexico during the seventies, focusing on the ways in which the constitution of the concept was especially imbricated to the (re)significance of the Revolution.
Populism is a polyvalent concept and available in the Latin American political language from the mid-fifties until today. In general, the trajectory of the concept ranged from the first substantialist definitions, in their more or less axiological and anomalous versions, to the non-substantialist approaches produced towards the end of the 20th century. The present article proposes to show that towards the decade of the 70’s from the hand of the renewal of the Marxist theory, of the revolutionary thought and of the dependence approach, the constitutive polysemy of the populism “confronted” a process of inverse significance: the resubstantialization of the concepts. In a country like Mexico, where the Mexican Revolution was constituted as the founding myth of a state that represented itself as popular and nationalist, the emergence of the debate on populism required a new process of conceptual innovation. From there, this article tries to undertake a historical-conceptual approach to populism in Mexico during the seventies, focusing on the ways in which the constitution of the concept was especially imbricated to the (re)significance of the Revolution.
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