La materialidad de la dominación: mapas manuscritos, fuertes y reducciones indígenas en la quebrada de escoipe (siglos XV-XVIII ), Valle de Lerma, Salta, Argentina

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03/2021
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Universidad de Tarapacá
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0719-2681
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En este trabajo se analiza la conformación de un paisaje de dominación mediante la georreferenciación de mapas manuscritos y el traslado de la espacialidad colonial hispanocriolla desde el papel al terreno. La zona estudiada fue conocida como la “boca de la Quebrada del río Escoipe”, en el centro-oeste del valle de Lerma, provincia de Salta (Argentina); zona repartida desde fines del siglo XVI en mercedes de tierras a los primeros conquistadores españoles y temprano lugar de asiento de encomiendas de indios. La reconstrucción espacial nos muestra el avance del poder colonial en tierras indígenas y el confinamiento progresivo de los pueblos encomendados y reducidos hacia las márgenes montuosas de “los llanos de Salta” en espacios poco propicios para su reproducción biológica y social, en una relación inversamente proporcional a la valorización económica de las tierras. En este contexto los mapas manuscritos se nos presentan a la vez como la legitimación y el instrumento por el que queda inscripto el despojo sufrido por los colectivos indígenas pulares y calchaquíes frente a sus encomenderos y vecinos hispanocriollos.
In this work, is analyzed the conformation of a landscape of domination by georeferencing manuscript maps and the transference of the Spanish colonial spatiality from paper to the space. The studied area was known as the “mouth of the Quebrada del Río Escoipe”, in the center-west of the Lerma Valley, Salta province (Argentina); an area distributed since the end of the sixteenth century in land grants (“mercedes”) to the first Spanish conquerors and an early place of seat of indigenous “encomiendas”. The spatial reconstruction shows us the advance of the colonial power over indigenous lands and the progressive confinement of the entrusted and reduced towns towards the mountainous margins of “the plains of Salta” in spaces that were hardly suited to their biological and social reproduction, in an inversely proportional relationship to the economic valuation of the lands. In this context, the manuscript maps are presented to us both as the legitimation and as the instrument by which the dispossession suffered by the Pular and Calchaquí indigenous groups in front of their Spanish-Creole encomenderos and neighbors is registered.
In this work, is analyzed the conformation of a landscape of domination by georeferencing manuscript maps and the transference of the Spanish colonial spatiality from paper to the space. The studied area was known as the “mouth of the Quebrada del Río Escoipe”, in the center-west of the Lerma Valley, Salta province (Argentina); an area distributed since the end of the sixteenth century in land grants (“mercedes”) to the first Spanish conquerors and an early place of seat of indigenous “encomiendas”. The spatial reconstruction shows us the advance of the colonial power over indigenous lands and the progressive confinement of the entrusted and reduced towns towards the mountainous margins of “the plains of Salta” in spaces that were hardly suited to their biological and social reproduction, in an inversely proportional relationship to the economic valuation of the lands. In this context, the manuscript maps are presented to us both as the legitimation and as the instrument by which the dispossession suffered by the Pular and Calchaquí indigenous groups in front of their Spanish-Creole encomenderos and neighbors is registered.
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