Use of Capybaras in Argentina

Abstract

Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) have been used in Argentina since pre-Columbian times as a source of hide, meat, and fat. Hide is the most valuable capybara by-product and, at present, represents the major hunting pressure for this species in the country. Until recently it has been among the most frequently consumed wild terrestrial vertebrates after the coypu (Myocastor coypus) and the tegu lizard (Tupinambisspp.), representing an important live natural resource due to the social and economic impact of its use in all provinces with wild populations of this rodent. In particular, products made from the manufacture of leather goods feature within the “typical regional products”, which are sought by both local buyers and foreign tourists. Furthermore, due to its high abundance in many localities within its distribution range, this species also has an important ecological role in wetlands associated with large river basins in the northeastern region of the country. This chapter deals with the ecological and socioeconomic importance of capybaras in Argentina, providing an overview of the capybara’s status, its historical use, present legislation, and associated trade issues. Finally it analyzes capybara production systems, progress in wild population management, and future needs for administration of this natural resource.