La profundización de la fragmentación intra BRICS: La pandemia como acelerador de tendencias y la guerra ruso ucraniana en la turbación de identidades

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Fecha
06/2022
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
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Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina
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0326-7806
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1852-7213
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El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar la evolución de BRICS focalizándose en el período iniciado a partir de la tercera década del nuevo siglo. En los últimos años de la década anterior, pudimos observar una incipiente pero creciente fragmentación intra BRICS. Por un lado, se encontraban los “emergentes asiáticos” - China, India y Rusia. Por otro lado, se hallaban Brasil y Sudáfrica, afectados por recesiones económicas y crisis político-institucionales que dañaron seriamente sus posiciones internacionales. En el presente artículo sostenemos que las diferenciaciones intra-BRICS señaladas, se aceleraron a raíz de la pandemia por COVID19 y se potenciaron con el desencadenamiento de la guerra ruso-ucraniana. De esta manera, se profundizó la brecha entre los miembros asiáticos (China, India y Rusia) y los occidentales (Brasil y Sudáfrica) observándose en especial una turbación de identidades que afecta fundamentalmente a las partes ¿occidentales? del grupo. El artículo se centra en tres sucesos que consideramos claves para lacomprensión de este fenómeno: la llegada de Jair Bolsonaro a la presidencia de Brasil, la pandemia por COVID 19 y la guerra ruso ucraniana. A continuación, ponemos especial atención en Brasil y Sudáfrica para buscar comprender la fragmentación señalada en función de dos variables: las contiendas políticas internas y las cosmovisiones sostenidas por cada uno de ellos que podrían contribuir a echar luz sobre la etapa que actualmente atraviesan los BRICS.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of BRICS, focusing on the period since the third decade of the new century. In the last years of the previous decade, we observed an incipient but growing intra-BRICS fragmentation. On the one hand, there were the "emerging Asians" - China, India and Russia-. On the other hand, there were Brazil and South Africa, affected by economic recessions and political-institutional crises that seriously damaged their international positions. This article argues that the afore mentioned intra-BRICS differentiations accelerated as a result of the COVID19 pandemic and were reinforced by the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Thus, the gap between the Asian members (China, India and Russia) and the Western members (Brazil and South Africa) deepened, with a particular disturbance of identities affecting mainly the ¿Western? parts of the group. The article focuses on three events that we consider key to understanding this phenomenon: the arrival of Jair Bolsonaro as president of Brazil, the COVID 19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. We then focus on Brazil and South Africa in order to understand the afore mentioned fragmentation in terms of two variables: the internal political struggles and the worldviews held by each of them, which could contribute to shed light on the current stage of the BRICS.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of BRICS, focusing on the period since the third decade of the new century. In the last years of the previous decade, we observed an incipient but growing intra-BRICS fragmentation. On the one hand, there were the "emerging Asians" - China, India and Russia-. On the other hand, there were Brazil and South Africa, affected by economic recessions and political-institutional crises that seriously damaged their international positions. This article argues that the afore mentioned intra-BRICS differentiations accelerated as a result of the COVID19 pandemic and were reinforced by the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Thus, the gap between the Asian members (China, India and Russia) and the Western members (Brazil and South Africa) deepened, with a particular disturbance of identities affecting mainly the ¿Western? parts of the group. The article focuses on three events that we consider key to understanding this phenomenon: the arrival of Jair Bolsonaro as president of Brazil, the COVID 19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. We then focus on Brazil and South Africa in order to understand the afore mentioned fragmentation in terms of two variables: the internal political struggles and the worldviews held by each of them, which could contribute to shed light on the current stage of the BRICS.
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