NGC 3503 and its molecular environment

Abstract

Aims. We present a study of the molecular gas and interstellar dust distribution in the environs of the Hii region NGC 3503 associated with the open cluster Pis 17 with the aim of investigating the spatial distribution of the molecular gas linked to the nebula and achieving a better understanding of the interaction of the nebula and Pis 17 with their molecular environment. Methods. We based our study in 12CO(1-0) observations of a region of ∼ 0. ◦6 in size obtained with the 4-m NANTEN telescope, unpublished radio continuum data at 4800 and 8640 MHz obtained with the ATCA telescope, radio continuum data at 843 MHz obtained from SUMSS, and available IRAS, MSX, IRAC-GLIMPSE, and MIPSGAL images. Results. We found a molecular cloud (Component 1) having a mean velocity of –24.7 km s−1 , compatible with the velocity of the ionized gas, which is associated with the nebula and its surroundings. Adopting a distance of 2.9 ± 0.4 kpc the total molecular mass and density yield (7.6 ± 2.1) × 103 M⊙ and 400 ± 240 cm−3 , respectively. The radio continuum data confirm the existence of an electron density gradient in NGC 3503. The IR emission shows the presence of a PDR bordering the higher density regions of the nebula. The spatial distribution of the CO emission shows that the nebula coincides with a molecular clump, with the strongest CO emission peak located close to the higher electron density region. The more negative velocities of the molecular gas (about –27 km s−1 ), is coincident with NGC 3503. Candidate YSOs were detected towards the Hii region, suggesting that embedded star formation may be occurring in the neighbourhood of the nebula. The presence of a clear electron density gradient, along with the spatial distribution of the molecular gas and PAHs in the region indicates that NGC 3503 is a blister-type Hii region that probably has undergone a champagne phase.