Caracterización morfológica y funcional de almidones de diferentes variedades de papas andinas
; Dominguez, Natalia Ester
; Calliope, Sonia Rosario
; Samman, Norma Cristina Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2015
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
Revista
Agraria
Título del libro
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2362-4035
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Español
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Resumen
Las papas andinas son originarias de América del Sur y base de laalimentación de las poblaciones del altiplano y valles de alturas. Labiodiversidad de las papas andinas está en peligro porque los productores solopueden comercializar las variedades que presentan alto rendimientoagronómico. El objetivo del trabajo fue encontrar una aplicación industrialmediante el estudio de las propiedades funcionales de sus almidones. Seextrajo almidón de 23 variedades genéticas o 23 genotipos y se realizó elestudio de las características morfológicas de tamaño y forma y el análisis de laspropiedades funcionales de Índice de absorción de agua (IAA), Índice desolubilidad en agua (ISA), Turbidez y Sinéresis. Los resultados indicaron altocontenido de amilosa (25-38 g/100g almidón), valores de IAA normales (2,5-5,0%), la transmitancia fue superior al 30% (geles transparentes) y solo una delas variedades presentó baja sinéresis (<6%). El análisis de cluster determinó 4grupos, uno de ellos estuvo caracterizado por elevado IAA y se puedenrecomendar para la elaboración de snack, bebidas y papillas, otro con altocontenido de amilosa y amilopectina, recomendado para productos extruidos,fritos y de panificación respectivamente, y el grupo con elevado porcentaje desinéresis para alimentos que requieran apariencia fresca en refrigeración.
Andean potatoes are originated in South America and basis of the population's diet of the altiplano and height valleys. The biodiversity of the Andean potatoes is in danger because the producers can only sell varieties which show high agronomic performance. The objective of this work was to find an industrial application through the study of the functional properties of their starches. Starch was extracted from 23 genetic varieties or 23 genotypes, and the study of the morphological characteristics of size and shape and the analysis of the functional properties of water absorption index (IAA), index of solubility in water (ISA), turbidity and syneresis were made. The results indicated high amylose content (25-38 g/100g starch), normal values of IAA (2.5-5,0%), the transmittance was superior to 30% (transparent gels) and only one of the varieties presented low sinéresis (<6%). The cluster analysis determined 4 groups, one of them was characterized by high IAA and may be recommended for the elaboration of snack, drinks and baby foods, another with high content of amylose and amylopectin, recommended for extruded products, fried and baked goods respectively, and the group with high percentage of syneresis for foods that require fresh appearance in refrigeration.
Andean potatoes are originated in South America and basis of the population's diet of the altiplano and height valleys. The biodiversity of the Andean potatoes is in danger because the producers can only sell varieties which show high agronomic performance. The objective of this work was to find an industrial application through the study of the functional properties of their starches. Starch was extracted from 23 genetic varieties or 23 genotypes, and the study of the morphological characteristics of size and shape and the analysis of the functional properties of water absorption index (IAA), index of solubility in water (ISA), turbidity and syneresis were made. The results indicated high amylose content (25-38 g/100g starch), normal values of IAA (2.5-5,0%), the transmittance was superior to 30% (transparent gels) and only one of the varieties presented low sinéresis (<6%). The cluster analysis determined 4 groups, one of them was characterized by high IAA and may be recommended for the elaboration of snack, drinks and baby foods, another with high content of amylose and amylopectin, recommended for extruded products, fried and baked goods respectively, and the group with high percentage of syneresis for foods that require fresh appearance in refrigeration.
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