Modulación de la memoria de trabajo, inhibición y flexibilidad cognitiva mediante intervenciones físicamente activantes
; Justel, Nadia 
Otros responsables
Fecha
09/2023
Editorial
Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines
Revista
Interdisciplinaria
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1668-7027
eISSN
ISBN
Idioma
Español
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Resumen
Hay múltiples investigaciones que hallan una relación entre las prácticas físicamente activantes y la modulación de las funciones ejecutivas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar los posibles efectos del ejercicio y la actividad física sobre la memoria de trabajo, la inhibición y la flexibilidad cognitiva. Se realizó una búsqueda a través de palabras clave: actividad física o ejercicio, y funciones ejecutivas. Solo 33 artículos cumplieron los criterios. Se constituyeron tres secciones en relación con los constructos de interés. Las investigaciones cubrieron un rango amplio de edades para las que se emplearon tratamientos focales y de largo término. La exigencia moderada fue la intervención más empleada y el postratamiento, el momento de evaluación que arrojó mejores resultados. Aquellos individuos con estilos de vida vinculados a la ejercitación mostraron mejores desempeños comportamentales. Gracias a su bajo costo y versatilidad, estas prácticas podrían considerarse una herramienta relevante para los tratamientos que buscan beneficiar o conservar la salud cognitiva de los individuos.
Physical activity (PA) involves any activation of the locomotor system that generates an energetic expense above baseline. On the other hand, physical exercise (PE) implicates a recurrent practice sustained in time to obtain benefits at an anatomical, physiological and/or emotional level. Currently, many research studies on cognitive neuroscience have focused on these practices since evidence indicates that people who exercise regularly show a more developed and/or preserved cognitive health. Furthermore, many designs also implement interventions based on PA and exercise as experimental treatments. Evidence showed a relationship between PA and PE and the modulation of several cognitive functions, including episodic memory and attention. The aim of this review was to explore a specific area of cognition, executive functions, which involves the processing of information with high cognitive demand, where the supervision and control of behavior are executed to provide an adaptive response to the requirements of the environment. While this construct integrates many sub-sets, a division into three fundamental nodes was proposed: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility.
Physical activity (PA) involves any activation of the locomotor system that generates an energetic expense above baseline. On the other hand, physical exercise (PE) implicates a recurrent practice sustained in time to obtain benefits at an anatomical, physiological and/or emotional level. Currently, many research studies on cognitive neuroscience have focused on these practices since evidence indicates that people who exercise regularly show a more developed and/or preserved cognitive health. Furthermore, many designs also implement interventions based on PA and exercise as experimental treatments. Evidence showed a relationship between PA and PE and the modulation of several cognitive functions, including episodic memory and attention. The aim of this review was to explore a specific area of cognition, executive functions, which involves the processing of information with high cognitive demand, where the supervision and control of behavior are executed to provide an adaptive response to the requirements of the environment. While this construct integrates many sub-sets, a division into three fundamental nodes was proposed: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility.
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