Cuestión social en Chile discursos sociales y sus referencias a los saberes "psi" (1880-1930)
; Salas, Gonzalo Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2016
Editorial
Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid
Revista
Revista de Historia de la Psicología
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2445-0928
eISSN
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Idioma
Español
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Resumen
El presente trabajo releva y analiza ciertos antecedentes históricos de fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX para establecer relaciones entre los saberes “psi” y la denominada “cuestión social” en Chile.
Se detecta una íntima vinculación entre ambos campos, observable en cuestiones de salud, educación, criminología o habitabilidad, entre otras. Estas iniciativas fueron impulsadas en concreto por los gobiernos de la época a propósito de exigencias que distintos sectores de la sociedad, como la iglesia católica, los liberales y el socialismo obrero, realizaban a la élite gobernante. Se advierte que las relaciones descritas tienen un denominador común en un discurso científico basado en el higienismo y que tales relaciones fueron funcionales dentro del incipiente impulso industrializador en el país. Se concluye que existió una interrelación entre los saberes “psi” -la psiquiatría principalmente- y el nuevo modelo de desarrollo económico chileno, enmarcado en el higienismo y su incipiente preocupación por las condiciones de vida de la población.
The present work retrieves and analyses certain historical antecedents of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to establish relationships between the psy-knowledges and the so-called ‘social question’ in Chile. An intimate link between the two fields, observable in health, education, criminology and housing issues, among others, is detected. These initiatives, in particular, were driven by the thengovernment responses to demands made to them by different sectors of society, including the Catholic Church, the liberals and the socialist workers. It is noted that the described relationships have a common denominator in a scientific discourse based on hygenism and that such relations were functional to the country’s incipient industrialization. We conclude on the existence of an interface between the psyknowledge –psychiatry, mainly- and the new model of Chilean economic development, framed in the hygenism and emerging concern for the living conditions of the population.
The present work retrieves and analyses certain historical antecedents of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to establish relationships between the psy-knowledges and the so-called ‘social question’ in Chile. An intimate link between the two fields, observable in health, education, criminology and housing issues, among others, is detected. These initiatives, in particular, were driven by the thengovernment responses to demands made to them by different sectors of society, including the Catholic Church, the liberals and the socialist workers. It is noted that the described relationships have a common denominator in a scientific discourse based on hygenism and that such relations were functional to the country’s incipient industrialization. We conclude on the existence of an interface between the psyknowledge –psychiatry, mainly- and the new model of Chilean economic development, framed in the hygenism and emerging concern for the living conditions of the population.
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