El marxismo en la postdictadura argentina: Retirada y restos espectrales

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04/2026
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Latinoamérica
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2448-6914
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En el artículo se revisan las revistas culturales de los años ochenta en Argentina con el fin de conocer cuál fue la tramitación del marxismo durante el proceso de transición democrática. Se conjetura que fueron años de retirada del marxismo. Las críticas analizadas se agrupan en “series”: la primera es denominada “obsolescencia”, en el sentido de que la teoría marxista es anacrónica, y la segunda “error teórico”, que plantea la crítica en el orden teórico. Entre la superación de Marx y el postmarxismo se dirime cómo sacrificar a esta teoría que ya no es requerida por el entusiasmo que suscita el inicio de la transición a la democracia. Desde esta premisa, la década de los ochenta se constituyó como un periodo de consolidación de un lenguaje político postdictatorial que tuvo que prescindir de los conceptos e imágenes del marxismo para dar lugar a un proceso de neoliberazación nacional.
This article offers a review of the cultural magazines of the 1980s in Argentina to understand how Marxism was handled during the process of democratic transition. It is conjectured that these were years of Marxism’s retreat. The analyzed critiques are grouped into “series”: the first is called “obsolescence,” in the sense that Marxist theory is anachronistic, and the second “theoretical error,” which frames the critique in theoretical terms. Between the overcoming of Marx and post-Marxism, it is decided how to discard this theory that is no longer needed due to the enthusiasm sparked by the beginning of the transition to democracy. From this premise, the 1980s became a period of consolidation of a post-dictatorial political language that had to dispense with the concepts and images of Marxism to make way for a process of national neo liberalization.
This article offers a review of the cultural magazines of the 1980s in Argentina to understand how Marxism was handled during the process of democratic transition. It is conjectured that these were years of Marxism’s retreat. The analyzed critiques are grouped into “series”: the first is called “obsolescence,” in the sense that Marxist theory is anachronistic, and the second “theoretical error,” which frames the critique in theoretical terms. Between the overcoming of Marx and post-Marxism, it is decided how to discard this theory that is no longer needed due to the enthusiasm sparked by the beginning of the transition to democracy. From this premise, the 1980s became a period of consolidation of a post-dictatorial political language that had to dispense with the concepts and images of Marxism to make way for a process of national neo liberalization.
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