Inhibition of the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus by synthetic riparins

Abstract

Aim: The goal of this study was to increase knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of some synthetic Riparin-derived compounds, alone or in combination with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to fluoroquinolone by way of overexpression of the NorA efflux pump. Methods and Results: Microdilution tests showed that Riparins A and B did not show any significant antibacterial activity against Staph. aureus strains. On the other hand, the intrinsic antibacterial activity increased with increasing lipophilicity of the compounds, in the following order: Riparin-D (MIC 256 μg ml−1; Log P 2·95) < Riparin-C (MIC 102 μg ml−1; Log P 3·22) < Riparin-E (MIC 16 μg ml−1; Log P 3·57). The addition of all riparins to growth media at subinhibitory concentrations caused an increase in the antibacterial activity of antibiotics against the NorA-overexpressing test strain. Riparin-B, which has two methoxyl groups at the phenethyl moiety, showed the best modulatory effect. Conclusions: Riparin-E is a good anti-staphylococci agent, while Riparin-B functions as a NorA efflux pump inhibitor. Significance and Impact of the Study: Our data suggest the possibility of using Riparin-B in combination with norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin for therapy of infections caused by multi-drug resistant Staph. aureus.