Las políticas de migración en Sudamérica: elementos para el análisis crítico del control migratorio y fronterizo

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Fecha
07/2017
Editorial
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro". Programa de Sociologia Política
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Terceiro Milênio
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2318-373X
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Español
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Resumen
En Sudamérica, en el transcurso de las últimas dos décadas, el campo de las llamadas “políticas migratorias” experimentó importantes transformaciones. El presente artículo asume como punto de partida que en el espacio sudamericano hubo y hay numerosas prácticas de control y vigilancia de la migración que requieren ser estudiadas críticamente. Esta necesidad se ha visto renovada desde que estas prácticas se volvieran más evidentes después del “giro punitivo” que ha tenido lugar en años recientes y de la intensificación de la violencia de Estado sobre los migrantes en un contexto regional con significativas mutaciones en los patrones migratorios y una radical transformación del escenario político producido por la llegada al poder de partidos o coaliciones políticas de una “nueva derecha”. En esta dirección, el texto ofrece algunos elementos para el análisis crítico del control migratorio y fronterizo en Sudamérica en diálogo con investigaciones y publicaciones propias y ajenas, reunidas alrededor de los siguientes tópicos: 1. Régimen global de control de las migraciones; 2. Ilegalidad migratoria/migrante; 3. Deportación y deportabilidad; 4. Securitización de las migraciones; 5. Luchas migrantes
During the last two decades, the field of so-called “migration policies” underwent important transformations in South America. The present article assumes as a starting point that in the South American region there were and there are numerous practices of migration control and surveillance that need to be studied critically. This need has been renewed, on the one hand, since these practices became more evident after the “punitive turn” that has taken place in recent years. On the other hand, due to the intensification of state violence upon migrants in a regional context with significant changes in migration patterns along with a radical transformation of the political scene produced by the coming to power of political parties or coalitions of a “new right”. In this sense, the text offers some elements for the critical analysis of migration and border control in South America in dialogue with my own research and the work of other scholars. The article includes the following topics: 1. Global regime of migration control; 2. Migrant illegality; 3. Deportation and deportability; 4. Securitization of migration; 5. Migrant struggles
During the last two decades, the field of so-called “migration policies” underwent important transformations in South America. The present article assumes as a starting point that in the South American region there were and there are numerous practices of migration control and surveillance that need to be studied critically. This need has been renewed, on the one hand, since these practices became more evident after the “punitive turn” that has taken place in recent years. On the other hand, due to the intensification of state violence upon migrants in a regional context with significant changes in migration patterns along with a radical transformation of the political scene produced by the coming to power of political parties or coalitions of a “new right”. In this sense, the text offers some elements for the critical analysis of migration and border control in South America in dialogue with my own research and the work of other scholars. The article includes the following topics: 1. Global regime of migration control; 2. Migrant illegality; 3. Deportation and deportability; 4. Securitization of migration; 5. Migrant struggles
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