Neuropsicología del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad: subtipos predominio Déficit de Atención y predominio Hiperactivo-Impulsivo
; Mias, Carlos Daniel Otros responsables
Fecha
05/2009
Editorial
Sociedad de Neuropsicología de Argentina
Revista
Revista Argentina de Neuropsicologia
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1668-5415
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Español
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Resumen
Diferentes estudios hacen referencia a la presencia de déficits neuropsicológicos y conductuales en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), como consecuencia de un compromiso en la activación de circuitos prefrontales corticales y subcorticales. Objetivo: Analizar diferencias de funcionamiento neuropsicológico y conductual en niños con TDAH, subtipos: predominio déficit de atención (PDA) y predominio hiperactivoimpulsivo (PHI) y un grupo control. Pacientes y método: 45 niños de 7 a 13 años de edad de ambos sexos, residentes en la ciudad de Santa Fe Argentina, distribuidos según criterios DSM IV en predominio déficit de atención (n=15), predominio hiperactivo impulsivo (n=15) y control (n=15). Se controló la edad, sexo, y casos de comorbilidad clínicamente significativa, como depresión, trastornos de ansiedad y trastornos de aprendizaje. Se aplicaron tests neuropsicológicos para medir diferentes variables cognitivas y una escala de cotejo conductual según criterios DSM-IV. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05) en el Test de Ejecución Continua (CPT), el Test de Stroop, el Test de Clasificación de Tarjetas de Wisconsin (WSCT) y el Test de Aprendizaje Auditivo Verbal de Rey (AVR). Asimismo se evidenciaron diferencias en la escala conductual. Conclusiones: El grupo PDA presentó un mayor indicador de déficit atencional en las variables conductuales y déficits en la atención selectiva y sostenida, en la memoria verbal inmediata y diferida y en la flexibilidad cognitiva. El grupo PHI presentó mayor índice de hiperactividad e impulsividad en la variable conductual y un déficit en la atención sostenida, en el control de impulso y en la memoria verbal inmediata y diferida. Esto sugiere diferentes sustratos neurocognitivos según el subtipo predominante del TDAH.
Different studies point out the existence of neuropsychological and behavioral deficits in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a result of a commitment in the activation of prefrontal cortical and subcortical circuits. Objective: To analyze differences of neuropsychological and behavioral performance in children with ADHD, subtypes: predominantly inattentive type (ADD) and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD) and a control group. Patients and method: 45 children from 7 to 13 years old of both sexes from Santa Fe, Argentina, distributed according to criteria DSM IV predominantly inattentive type (n=15), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (n=15) and control (n=15). It was controlled the age, sex, and cases of clinically significant comorbidity, like depression, upheavals of anxiety and upheavals of learning. Neuropsychological test were carried out in order to measure different cognitive variables and a behavioral scale according to criteria DSM-IV. Results: Significant differences were found out (p< 0,05) in the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT) and the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Likewise, differences in the behavioral scale were demonstrated. Conclusions: Group ADD displays a greater indicator of attention deficit in the behavioral variables and deficits in the selective and sustained attention, in the immediate and delay verbal memory and cognitive flexibility. Group ADHD presents greater index of hyperactivity and impulsivity in the behavioral variable and a deficit in the sustained attention, the control of impulse, and in the immediate and delay verbal memory. This suggests neurocognitive substrates differentiated according to the predominant subtype from the ADHD.
Different studies point out the existence of neuropsychological and behavioral deficits in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a result of a commitment in the activation of prefrontal cortical and subcortical circuits. Objective: To analyze differences of neuropsychological and behavioral performance in children with ADHD, subtypes: predominantly inattentive type (ADD) and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD) and a control group. Patients and method: 45 children from 7 to 13 years old of both sexes from Santa Fe, Argentina, distributed according to criteria DSM IV predominantly inattentive type (n=15), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (n=15) and control (n=15). It was controlled the age, sex, and cases of clinically significant comorbidity, like depression, upheavals of anxiety and upheavals of learning. Neuropsychological test were carried out in order to measure different cognitive variables and a behavioral scale according to criteria DSM-IV. Results: Significant differences were found out (p< 0,05) in the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT) and the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Likewise, differences in the behavioral scale were demonstrated. Conclusions: Group ADD displays a greater indicator of attention deficit in the behavioral variables and deficits in the selective and sustained attention, in the immediate and delay verbal memory and cognitive flexibility. Group ADHD presents greater index of hyperactivity and impulsivity in the behavioral variable and a deficit in the sustained attention, the control of impulse, and in the immediate and delay verbal memory. This suggests neurocognitive substrates differentiated according to the predominant subtype from the ADHD.
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