Taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Gephyrocharax eigenmann, 1912 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae)

Otros responsables
Fecha
04/2016
Editorial
Magnolia Press
Revista
Zootaxa
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ISSN
1175-5326
eISSN
1175-5334
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Resumen
Gephyrocharax actualmente alberga 13 especies válidas distribuidas en diferentes ríos y quebradas de las cuencas cis y transandinas de la región Neotropical. El género no ha sido revisado en más de 80 años, y por tal motivo, las descripciones más antiguas de las especies son poco detalladas, basadas en pequeñas muestras de especímenes y apoyadas en diagnosis poco informativas. La presente revisión está basada en datos de morfología externa, coloración, morfometría, merística, osteología y miología. Conteos y medidas se analizaron a través de procedimientos estadísticos bivariados y multivariados implementados en PAST y SigmaPlot. Casos de sinonimias y de variación geográfica se evaluaron a través de análisis de componentes principales cizallados (ACPC). Se reconocen 11 especies válidas para el género: G. atracaudatus, G. caucanus, G. chocoensis, G. intermedius, G. major, G. martae, G. melanocheir, G. sinuensis, G. torresi, G. valencia y G. venezuelae. Se propone a G. whaleri como un sinónimo moderno de G. intermedius y a Corynopomops opisthopterus y G. chaparae como sinónimos modernos de G. major. Se designa lectotipo para G. major y neotipos para G. melanocheir y G. sinuensis. Gephyrocharax atracaudatus se confirma por primera vez para la cuenca del río Palenque en el Archipiélago de las Perlas en el Golfo de Panamá. Nuevos registros distribucionales se reportan para G. major en la cuenca del río Amazonas. Gephyrocharax major y G. valencia son los miembros del género más ampliamente distribuidos. Se presentan mapas distribucionales georeferenciados para todas las especies de Gephyrocharax, basados en una gran cantidad de material examinado. Se presenta una clave para identificar a las especies de Gephyrocharax.
Gephyrocharax currently comprises 13 valid species distributed in the Cis- and Trans-Andean basins of the Neotropical region. The genus has not been reviewed in more than 80 years, and thus, the older species descriptions are poorly detailed, based on small samples of specimens, and supported by uninformative diagnoses. The present review is based on external morphology and morphometric, meristic, osteological, and myological data. Counts and measurements were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical procedures implemented in PAST and SigmaPlot. Cases of synonyms and geographic variation were evaluated using sheared principal components analyses (SPCA). Eleven valid species are recognized for the genus: G. atracaudatus, G. caucanus, G. chocoensis, G. intermedius, G. major, G. martae, G. melanocheir, G. sinuensis, G. torresi, G. valencia, and G. venezuelae. Gephyrocharax whaleri is proposed as junior synonym of G. intermedius, and Corynopomops opisthopterus and G. chaparae are proposed as junior synonyms of G. major. A lectotype for G. major and neotypes for G. melanocheir and G. sinuensis are designated. Gephyrocharax atracaudatus is confirmed for the first time in the Palenque River basin of the Pears islands in the Gulf of Panama. New distributional records are reported for G. major in the Amazon River basin. Gephyrocharax major and G. valencia are the most widely distributed members of the genus. Distributional and georeferenced maps are presented for all Gephyrocharax species based on extensive examined material. An identification key of the Gephyrocharax species is provided.
Gephyrocharax currently comprises 13 valid species distributed in the Cis- and Trans-Andean basins of the Neotropical region. The genus has not been reviewed in more than 80 years, and thus, the older species descriptions are poorly detailed, based on small samples of specimens, and supported by uninformative diagnoses. The present review is based on external morphology and morphometric, meristic, osteological, and myological data. Counts and measurements were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical procedures implemented in PAST and SigmaPlot. Cases of synonyms and geographic variation were evaluated using sheared principal components analyses (SPCA). Eleven valid species are recognized for the genus: G. atracaudatus, G. caucanus, G. chocoensis, G. intermedius, G. major, G. martae, G. melanocheir, G. sinuensis, G. torresi, G. valencia, and G. venezuelae. Gephyrocharax whaleri is proposed as junior synonym of G. intermedius, and Corynopomops opisthopterus and G. chaparae are proposed as junior synonyms of G. major. A lectotype for G. major and neotypes for G. melanocheir and G. sinuensis are designated. Gephyrocharax atracaudatus is confirmed for the first time in the Palenque River basin of the Pears islands in the Gulf of Panama. New distributional records are reported for G. major in the Amazon River basin. Gephyrocharax major and G. valencia are the most widely distributed members of the genus. Distributional and georeferenced maps are presented for all Gephyrocharax species based on extensive examined material. An identification key of the Gephyrocharax species is provided.
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