Domino Synthesis of Embelin Derivatives with Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

A series of dihydropyran embelin derivatives was synthesized through a direct and highly efficient approach based on a domino Knoevenagel intramolecular hetero-Diels–Alder reaction from natural embelin (1), using unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of organocatalysts such as ethylendiamine diacetate or l-proline. The aliphatic aldehydes yielded exclusively trans adducts, while mixtures of trans and cis isomers were found in reactions with aromatic aldehydes, with the cis form always predominating. Some of the compounds obtained were active and selective against Gram-positive bacteria, including multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.