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dc.contributor.author
Wilson, Rory P.
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dc.contributor.author
Quintana, Flavio Roberto
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dc.date.available
2017-12-13T14:01:18Z
dc.date.issued
2004
dc.identifier.citation
Wilson, Rory P.; Quintana, Flavio Roberto; Surface pauses in relation to dive duration in imperial cormorants; how much time for a breather?; Company of Biologists; Journal of Experimental Biology; 207; 2004; 1789-1796
dc.identifier.issn
0022-0949
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/30379
dc.description.abstract
Air-breathing animals diving to forage can optimize time underwater by diving with just enough oxygen for the projected performance underwater. By so doing they surface with minimal body oxygen levels, which leads to maximal rates of oxygen uptake. We examined whether imperial cormorants Phalacrocorax atriceps adhere to this by examining dive: pause ratios in birds diving for extended, continuous periods to constant depths, assuming that the oxygen used underwater was exactly replenished by the periods at the surface. Examination of the cumulative time spent in surface pauses relative to the cumulative time spent in diving showed that surface pauses increase according to a power curve function of time spent in the dive or water depth. In a simplistic model we considered the rate at which birds expended energy underwater to be constant and that the rate of oxygen replenishment during the surface pause was directly proportional to the oxygen deficit. We then worked out values for the rate constant for the surface pause before using this constant to examine bird body oxygen levels immediately pre- and post dive. The model predicted that imperial cormorants do not submerge with just enough oxygen to cover their projected dive performance but rather dive with substantial reserves, although these reserves decrease with increasing dive depth/duration. We speculate that these oxygen reserves may be used to enhance bird survival when rare events, such as the appearance of predators or discovery of large prey requiring extended handling time, occur. The form of the oxygen saturation curve over time at the surface means that the time costs for maintaining constant oxygen reserves become particularly onerous for long, deep dives, so the observed decrease in reserves with increasing dive duration is expected in animals benefiting by optimizing for time
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Company of Biologists
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
Diving
dc.subject
Imperial Cormorant
dc.subject
Phalacrocorax Atriceps
dc.subject
Oxygen Saturation Curve
dc.subject
Time Optimization
dc.subject
Surface Interval Between Dives
dc.subject.classification
Otras Ciencias Biológicas
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dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Biológicas
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
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dc.title
Surface pauses in relation to dive duration in imperial cormorants; how much time for a breather?
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2017-11-24T14:33:11Z
dc.journal.volume
207
dc.journal.pagination
1789-1796
dc.journal.pais
Reino Unido
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dc.journal.ciudad
Londres
dc.description.fil
Fil: Wilson, Rory P.. Institut für Meereskunde; Alemania
dc.description.fil
Fil: Quintana, Flavio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentina
dc.journal.title
Journal of Experimental Biology
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dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00967
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/11/1789
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