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Artículo

Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers

Wilkinson, John L.; Boxall, Alistair B.A.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Leung, Kenneth M.Y.; Lai, Racliffe W.S.; Galban Malag, Cristobal; Adell, Aiko D.; Mondon, Julie; Metian, Marc; Marchant, Robert A.; Bouzas Monroy, Alejandra; Cuni Sanchez, Aida; Coors, Anja; Carriquiriborde, PedroIcon ; Rojo, Macarena GiseleIcon ; Gordon, Chris; Cara, Magdalena; Moermond, Monique; Luarte, Thais; Petrosyan, Vahagn; Perikhanyan, Yekaterina; Mahon, Clare S.; McGurk, Christopher J.; Hofmann, Thilo; Kormoker, Tapos; Iniguez, Volga; Guzman Otazo, Jessica; Tavares, Jean L.; de Figueiredo, Francisco Gildasio; Razzolini, Maria T.P.
Fecha de publicación: 02/2022
Editorial: National Academy of Sciences
Revista: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America
ISSN: 0027-8424
Idioma: Inglés
Tipo de recurso: Artículo publicado
Clasificación temática:
Otras Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente

Resumen

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Palabras clave: ANTIMICROBIALS , AQUATIC CONTAMINATION , GLOBAL POLLUTION , PHARMACEUTICALS , WASTEWATER
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Excepto donde se diga explícitamente, este item se publica bajo la siguiente descripción: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Unported (CC BY 2.5)
Identificadores
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/215655
URL: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
Colecciones
Articulos (CIM)
Articulos de CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE
Citación
Wilkinson, John L.; Boxall, Alistair B.A.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Leung, Kenneth M.Y.; Lai, Racliffe W.S.; et al.; Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 119; 8; 2-2022; 1-10
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