Evaluación de la tendencia de diabetes gestacional en un período de 11 años en Buenos Aires, Argentina

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) is increasing along with obesity and gestational age. This prevalence varies in populations and with different guidelines used for the diagnoses. Aim: To estimate the change in prevalence of GDM and obesity in a period 11 years. Material and Methods: Analysis of pregnancies attended at an obstetrics ward of a general hospital between 2001 and 2018. Those women who were diabetic prior to their pregnancy were excluded from the analysis. Annual crude and adjusted prevalence using direct standardization by age were estimated. Results: We analyzed 33,985 pregnancies. GDM screening was performed in 20,139 (59%), and 1,466 (7%) had GDM. In 2007 the crude and adjusted prevalence of GDM were 4.9 and 5.2%, respectively. The figures in 2018 were 8.8 and 8.5%, respectively, with an annual percentage of change (APC) of 6.9% (p < 0.001). The frequency of obesity also increased with an APC of 4.1% (p < 0.001). In women with GDM the APC of obesity was 4.6% (p < 0.001). There was also an increase in the frequency of screening, with a joinpoint in 2011. The APC of screening in the periods 2007-2011 and 2011-2018 were 16.6 and 2.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM increased in this period of eleven years along with the prevalence of obesity.