Canonical phospholipase D isoforms in visual function and ocular response to stress

Abstract

Classical phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms, PLD1 and PLD2, catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA) which can be further dephosphorylated to diacylglycerol (DAG). Through the generation of these lipid messengers, the PLD pathway can modulate several cellular events, such as proliferation, membrane trafficking, autophagy and the inflammatory response, among many others. This review summarizes the participation of canonical PLD isoforms in physiological and pathological responses in the eye. Although the role of the PLD pathway in ocular and retinal response to stress has not been fully elucidated, pharmacological inhibition of these signaling enzymes seems to be a promising therapeutic tool to avoid inflammatory processes in the retina, abnormal cellular proliferation on the ocular surface and pathological neovascularization. On the contrary, the modulation of classical PLDs may potentiate corneal healing. In summary, the knowledge of the role of PLD1 and PLD2 in the molecular basis of ocular inflammatory and degenerative diseases opens new avenues for potential therapeutic exploration.