Nutrigenomics: Revealing molecular aspects of a personalized nutrition

Abstract

Modern nutritional science has been helped by a number of disciplines of a molecular nature including nutrige-nomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Together, these disciplines will make possible to find the nutritional footprint more appropriate for a given population, ethnic group, race, or more specifically to generate a personalized diet, according to the genetics and/or the phenotype of individuals. The expression of genes (trans-criptomics) involves the synthesis of a few thousand of proteins (proteomics), which determine the phenotype of the individual producing a number of metabolites (metabolomics) that could be detected in different fluids of the body, but which also represent the work of a whole organization in homeostasis or outside it. No doubt, as the components of food affects the sequence transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the study of these disciplines is a research field that may allow us to have a comprehensive database that constitutes the fingerprint of nutrition. The objective of this article is to review some of the important aspects of how nutrients are involved in nutrigenomics.