De la restricción del uso de agroquímicos a la promoción de la agroecología: Controversias ante el conflicto por las fumigaciones en el periurbano hortícola de Mar del Plata (2000-2020)
; Zulaica, Maria Laura
; Barsky, Andrés 
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Fecha
08/2020
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Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Cartografía, Investigación y Formación para el Ordenamiento Territorial
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0325-7223
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1852-0006
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El artículo realiza una sistematización de la trayectoria del conflicto ambiental por el uso de agroquímicos que se ha registrado en el periurbano hortícola de Mar del Plata, Argentina, desde inicios de los años 2000 hasta la actualidad. Procura efectuar una primera aproximación acerca de las complejas interrelaciones existentes entre los movimientos ambientalistas, sector productivo y el gobierno local, quienes protagonizaron la controversia. Para caracterizar la disputa, su abordaje se realiza desde las perspectivas del enfoque socio-técnico y de la productividad social. A partir de los cuestionamientos realizados al modelo de producción convencional (insumo dependiente) por sus efectos sobre la salud humana y el ambiente, sumado a la respuesta reactiva desde los actores de la producción ante la sanción de una ordenanza, la escalada del conflicto da lugar a distintas propuestas de ordenamiento normativo lábiles y contingentes- que han ido modificándose de acuerdo a cómo se dirimió la relación de fuerzas en distintos momentos (actualización local del derecho). No obstante, en el último tiempo se advierte un posible cambio en las decisiones de política pública, más volcadas a la promoción de modelos productivos alternativos basados en la noción de sustentabilidad. Desde regular inicialmente el uso de los agroquímicos a promover prácticas alternativas en la actualidad, el Municipio ha procurado arbitrar un proceso signado por tensiones y controversias.
The article elaborates a systematization of the environmental conflict trajectory due to the use of agrochemicals, which has been recorded in the horticultural peri urban of Mar del Plata, Argentina, from the beginning of the 2000s to present day. It seeks to make a first rough calculation about the complex interrelationships between environmental movements, production actors and local governments, who contributed to the controversy. To characterize these debates, its approach is expounded from the perspectives of the socio-technical and the social productivity standpoints. Based on the questions made to the conventional (input-dependent) production model, and because of its effects on human health and on the environment, attached to the reactive response of the production actors towards the sanction of a local ordinance, the booming of the conflict gives rise to different proposals for regulatory order – labile and contingents – that have been modified according to how the relationship of forces was being addressed at different times (local update of the law). However, in recent times there has been a possible change in public policy decisions, more focused on promoting alternative productive models based on the notion of sustainability. From initially regulating the use of agrochemicals to promoting alternative practices at present, the City Council has sought to arbitrate a process marked by tensions and controversies.
The article elaborates a systematization of the environmental conflict trajectory due to the use of agrochemicals, which has been recorded in the horticultural peri urban of Mar del Plata, Argentina, from the beginning of the 2000s to present day. It seeks to make a first rough calculation about the complex interrelationships between environmental movements, production actors and local governments, who contributed to the controversy. To characterize these debates, its approach is expounded from the perspectives of the socio-technical and the social productivity standpoints. Based on the questions made to the conventional (input-dependent) production model, and because of its effects on human health and on the environment, attached to the reactive response of the production actors towards the sanction of a local ordinance, the booming of the conflict gives rise to different proposals for regulatory order – labile and contingents – that have been modified according to how the relationship of forces was being addressed at different times (local update of the law). However, in recent times there has been a possible change in public policy decisions, more focused on promoting alternative productive models based on the notion of sustainability. From initially regulating the use of agrochemicals to promoting alternative practices at present, the City Council has sought to arbitrate a process marked by tensions and controversies.
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